Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane
Energetics & Enzymes
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cell Communication
100
Draw the plasma membrane correctly labeling the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
100
Enzymes speed up exergonic reactions by lowering _____ __ ________.
Energy of Activation.
100
Do plants perform cellular respiration?
Why do plants perform perform cellular respiration?
Yes. They need energy too!
100
The basic chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O
100
What is inhibition?
Mechanisms that block or reduce the transmission of signals between cells or within a cell, preventing or altering cellular responses.
200
What process describes the movement of water across permeable surfaces or inside/outside a cell?
Osmosis
200
Does exergonic reaction release or require energy? Does an endergonic reaction release or require energy?
Exergonic Reaction - net releases of energy
Endergonic Reaction - net requirement of energy
200
The basic chemical formula for cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP
200
Which comes first?
PS II or PSI
PS II
200
What is feedback inhibition?
A cellular control mechanism, in which the activity of an enzyme is inhibited by the end product of a biochemical pathway.
300
In 3 words or less for each; what happens to a blood cell in each type of solution:
Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
Hypotonic - swells (hemolysis)
Isotonic - nothing (healthy)
Hypertonic - shrink (crenation)
300
Describe the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways.
Catabolic reactions break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy, while anabolic reactions build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.
300
A crucial coenzyme and electron carrier involved in cellular respiration, carrying high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where their energy is used to generate ATP
NADH
300
Where is the proton-motive force generated during photosynthesis?
Thylakoid lumen
300
Competitive inhibition vs Non-competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site (allosteric site).
400
The purpose of each type of plasma membrane characteristics:
Cholesterol -
Phospholipid -
Integral Proteins -
Glycoproteins, glycolipids -
Phospholipids - forming the barrier
Proteins - facilitate the transport of molecules across the cell membrane
Cholesterol - high temperatures: stabilize the cell membrane by increasing its melting point; while at low temperatures: prevents them from interfering with each other
Glycoproteins, glycolipids - cell-cell recognition, adhesion, and signaling
400
The main purpose of fermentation.
Oxidize NADH to regenerate NAD+ without the presence of oxygen.
400
A crucial energy-carrying molecule and nucleotide similar to ATP, but with guanine instead of adenine, playing vital roles in protein synthesis and signal transduction.
GTP
400
What part of photosynthesis' process releases oxygen?
Splitting of water molecules.
400
Draw a diagram of non competitive inhibition.
500
What are 2 factors dictate the selective permeability of the plasma membrane?
- presence of transport proteins
- if the molecule large or small
- if the molecule polar or nonpolar
500
Protein synthesis is an example of a / an ______ pathway.
Why?
anabolic pathway
Synthesis!
500
What accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain?
Oxygen!
500
Using the 3 terms below correctly order the sequence for electron flow in photosynthesis.
- H2O
- NADH
- Calvin Cycle
H₂O → NADPH → Calvin cycle
500
How does protein kinase act in signal transduction?
Protein kinase adds a phosphate group to activate/inactivate proteins.