Vocabulary
The types of representation in a congress person, either based on one's looks and background or based on one's similar interests and policy concerns with their consitutents.
What is descriptive and substansive representation?
Redrawing Congressional lines to accommodate population shifts + keep districts as equal as possible in population.
What is redistricting?
Large bills that often cover several topics and may contain pork-barrel projects.
What is omnibus legislation?
One of the steps thru which a bill becomes a law, where the final wording of the bill is determined.
What is markup?
Expidentures that are either equired by law or expidentures that can be cut from the budget.
What is mandatory vs descretionary spending?
The inability to enact legislation because of a standstill within congress.
What is gridlock?
The goal is to maximize the effect of supporter's votes and minimize effects of opponenent's votes by "packing" and "cracking"
What is partisan gerrymandering?
Long process to pass legislation that goes through both chambers of Congress and then to the executive branch for the final pass or a veto.
What is how a bill becomes a law?
The monitoring and supervision from Congress over the executive branch to ensure they carry through the legislation passed.
What is oversight?
Theory that the government should use economic policy like taxing+spending, to maintain in the economy.
What is Keynesian economics?
What is apportionment?
Case that ruled that legislative districts with dramatically different populations violated the 14th Amendment.
What is Baker v Carr 1962?
Rules set in the house to control debate and amendments.
What are house rules;open, closed, and modified?
Formed to negotiate differences between the House and Senate's version of legislation.
What is a conference committee?
Tax rate paid on income up to some threshold.
What is marginal tex rates?
When members of Congress vote for bills they may not support in exchange for another member's vote on a bill.
What is Logrolling?
Redistricting to help or hurt the chances ofminority legislative canidates
What is racial gerrymandering?
Procedure thru which senate can limit the amount of time spent debating a bill, if a super majority agrees.
What is cloture?
Government decisions about how to influence the economy using control of the money supply and interest rates.
What is monetary policy?
Government decision about how to influence the economy by taxing and spending.
What is fiscal policy?
Legislative appropriations that benefit specific constituents.
What is Pork-Barrel Legislation?
Case that esablished race could not be the predominant factor in redistricting.
What is Shaw v Reno 1993?
Process where congressional committees are held to the spending targets specified in the budget resolution.
What is budget reconciliation?
Tactic used by senators to block a bill by continuing to hold the floor and speak under the senate's rule of unlimited debate.
What is the filibuster?
What is supply side economics?