Biological Theories
List some of the theories in regards to mood disorders
Genetic theories, neurochemical theories, neuroendocrine influences, and psychodynamic theories
If I said I am really depressed half the time but the other half I'm totally fine and happy and then sometimes I go crazy and have these outburst... what do you think I have?
Bipolar disorder
I no longer find joy in reading like I used to because of my depression... what is the term used to describe that?
Anhedonia: Loss of interest or pleasure
When/how does serotonin syndrome occur?
The nurse observes that a client with bipolar disorder is pacing in the hall, talking loud and rapidly, and using elaborate hand gestures. The nurse concludes that the client is demonstrating which of the following?
A. Agression
B. Anger
C. Anxiety
D. Psychomotor agitation
D. Psycomotor agitation
True or False: Major depression in first degree relatives are twice as likely to develop depression than the general population.
True
How long does a major depressive episode last for?
Two weeks at least
Define Dysthymia
Mild, long term depression
When are atypical antidepressants used?
When the patient has an inadequate response to SSRIs... some atypical antidepressants are venalfaxin (Effexor), Duloxentine (Cymbalta) Buproprion (Wellbutrin) and more.
The nurse observes that a client with depression sat at a
table with two other clients during lunch. The best
feedback the nurse could give the client is:
a. "Do you feel better after talking with others during
lunch?"
b. "I'm so happy to see you interacting with other
clients."
c. "I see you were sitting with others at lunch today."
d. "You must feel much better than you were a few days
ago."
c. "I see you were sitting with others at lunch today."
What are the two major neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) that influence mood disorders?
Serotonin and norepinephrine
After observing a bipolar client on the mental health unit, the nurse determines that the client is at risk for violence. Which would be an appropriate intervention?
A. Encourage the client to participate in an activity with other clients.
B. Ask the client to sit alone and write a letter.
C. Restrict the client to the client's room until the client can calm down.
D. Tell the client that if the client is violent, the client will be sent home.
C. Restrict the client to the client's room until the client can calm down.
Define Euthymic
Average affect and activity… normal
What are the major categories of antidepressants
Cyclic antidepressants, MAOIs, SSRIs, and atypical antidepressants.
Which of the following typifies the speech of a person
in the acute phase of mania?
a. Flight of ideas
b. Psychomotor retardation
c. Hesitant
d. Mutism
a. Flight of ideas
When it comes to Neuroendrocrine influences, what are some of the endocrine glands that affect mood disorders?
Thyroid, Adrenal, Parathyroid, and Pituitary glands
While caring for a client in the hospital, the nurse becomes concerned that the client may be having thoughts of suicide. Which statement would be most therapeutic?
A. Are you feeling sad?"
B. "Have you tried taking your medication?"
C. "Do you have support at home?"
D. "I've noticed something is bothering you. Please share you thoughts with me."
D. "I've noticed something is bothering you. Please share you thoughts with me."
If I am crying one minute but then laughing the next and then I all of a sudden become scared... what would the term be to describe that?
Labile: Emotions are easily aroused and tend to alter quickly and spontaneously.
What would an overdose of tricyclic antidepressants look like?
Confusion, agitation, hallucinations, hyperpyrexia, increased reflexes, seizures, coma, and tachycardia.
A client says to the nurse, "You are the best nurse I've
ever met. I want you to remember me." What is an
appropriate response by the nurse?
a. "Thank you. I think you are special too."
b. "I suspect you want something from me. What is
it?"
c. "You probably say that to all your nurses."
d. "Are you thinking of suicide?"
d. "Are you thinking of suicide?"
Define Kindling or explain the idea behind it
Kindling is the process in which seizure activity in a specific area of the brain is stimulated by reaching a threshold of the effects of stress, electrical impulses, or chemicals like cocaine that sensitize nerve cells and pathways. These pathways respond by no longer needing a stimulus and occurs automatically.
Essentially its a psychological rabbit hole.. they will no longer need a trigger.
Bipolar I has at least one manic episode alternating between depression and bipolar II has at least one or more hypomanic episode alternating between depression.
What is an example of Seasonal Affective Disorder?
SAD begins and ends at about the same times every year. If you're like most people with SAD, your symptoms start in the fall and continue into the winter months, sapping your energy and making you feel moody. Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer.
What are some nursing implications for MAOI antidepressants
Administer in the AM...could cause insomnia
Administer with food
Adequate fluids
Low tyramine diet
A client with mania begins dancing around the day
room. When she twirled her skirt in front of the male
clients, it was obvious she had no underpants on. The
nurse distracts her and takes her to her room to put on
underpants. The nurse acted as she did to:
a. Minimize the client's embarrassment about her present
behavior.
b. Keep her from dancing with other clients.
c. Avoid embarrassing the male clients who are
watching.
d. Teach her about proper attire and hygiene.
a. Minimize the client's embarrassment about her present
behavior.