Ethicists
Vocab & 3 Font Principle
Logic and Vocab
Textbook Background (chapter 1)
Textbook Sins & Vocab
100
Define 'Eudaimonia' and 'Teleios'
'Happiness' (specifically the 'HIGHEST' happiness)
'Goal'
100
define 'claim' and 'argument'
something someone suggests ought to be accepted
the combination of premises and conclusions in a rhetorical structure
100
Define 'Premise' and 'variable'
a claim that provides support in an argument but does not, itself, receive support.
a symbol/character used to represent a term, phrase, grouping, etc. (e.g., 'X')
100
What are the two definitions of Original Sin? And what is the definition of Etiology?
sin of Adam and Eve, and the fallen state of humanity
a story to explain the origin of something/things
100
Define Vice and Virtue
Good habits and bad habits
200
Define 'Categorical Imperatives' and who coined this term?
When thinking of whether or not something is the 'right' moral decision, think: should everyone be able to do this if they see fit?
(categorical meaning 'absolute' and imperative meaning 'law')
200
What is a Moral Act vs. a General Act?
moral act --> freely chosen action (actively undertaken)
general act --> non-freely chosen action (i.e., an instinctual action: blinking, breathing, etc.)
200
What is a 'premise indicator' and a 'conclusion indicator'?
words that 'indicate' that a premise and/or conclusion will follow these terms/phrases
200
Define 'concupiscence' and 'soul'
human inclination to sin
our spiritual principle (our spiritual 'rule' or foundation of self)
200
What is the difference between a mortal and a venial sin?
Mortal separates relationship with God, while venial sin only hurts relationship with God
300
What is the 'Kingdom of Ends' and what philosopher coined this phrase?
a utopian society where everyone treats everyone else as rational and relational individuals (ends) and not as 'means' to an end.
Immanuel Kant
300
Attributed to Aristotle
the morally 'just' thing to do (the virtuous thing) is always between two vices (absence and excess)
300
Define 'Capital Sins' and 'Social Justice'
7 particularly terrible sins that lead to other vices
the defense of human dignity by ensuring that essential human needs and rights are met
300
Define (1) Eternal Law, (2) Moral Law, and (3) Natural Law
the order in creation that reflects God's will and purpose (all other types of law have their basis in Eternal Law)
the rational expression of Eternal Law (it is the teaching that leads us to the blessed life)
the moral law that can be understood through the use of human reason
300
define sin of 'omission' and 'commission' and 'social sin'
not doing something when you should
doing a sinful act
a collection of a lot of people's 'personal sins' that form a large social sin which affects society
400
Correctly pair each Ethicist to their Ethical Framework
Aristotle Kantianism
Mill Nicomachean Ethics
Kant Utilitarianism
Arist - Nico
Mill - Util
Kant - Kant
400
What is the 3 font principle (i.e., what do we use it for)? What are the 3 fonts in the 3 font principle? Then describe/define each one.
We use it to determine if a Moral Act is good/bad
object, intention, circumstances
the act
the decision to act
w's + how
400
(C) Nicole Hand has earned the highest ACT score. Additionally, (D) her research paper won the top paper award in her National competition. (B) Her high attendance record and (F) regular participation in classroom discussion show that (E) Nicole always did her homework. These three reasons lead to the inevitable conclusion that (A) Nicole Hand is the best student at her school.
What is the intermediate conclusion in this Argument?
(E) Nicole always did her homework
400
What are the 3 God-Given gifts that allow us to live in true comunion with God?
Soul
Intellect
and Free-Will
400
define 'common good' and 'state'
social conditions that allow for all citizens of Earth to meet basic needs and achieve fulfillment
an organized political authority in a specific area
500
We spent a significant amount of class time discussing two paragraph excerpts from John Stuart Mill's 'Utilitarianism'... What did Mill argue that law, social arrangements, education, and the opinion of the public should try and instill in individuals?
make sure that every individual is instilled with the value that their own happiness is indissoluble from the good of the whole...
i.e., your individual Eudaimonia is that which promotes the most Eudaimonia in the whole of the community
500
Story Time:
Johnny wants to play with his sister's new doll even though she said no. When Brittney, his sister, is at the dentist, Johnny decides he is going to sneak into her bedroom, take the doll, and play with it. Right after Brittney leaves, Johnny goes and takes the doll to play with it.
Correctly identify examples for each of the 3 fonts.
Object - stealing the doll and/or playing with it
Intention - deciding to steal/play with the doll
Circumstance(s) - w's + how (who, what, where, when, why, how much, etc.)
500
Write the Logic Tree for this on the board:
{A} Mary’s record of only three fielding errors all season indicates that {B} she was a good fielder. {C} Her constant cheering on the sidelines was evidence of {D} her team spirit, as was her {E} very determined playing style. From these two factors we can assert that {F} she was a valuable asset to her team.
500
what are the three factors that can diminish freedom and lesson moral responsibility?
(c. 1, p. 17)
Ignorance
Psychological Factors
Social Pressure
500
What are the 3 conditions that must be met for something to be a mortal sin?
(1) must be a grave matter
(2) full knowledge that it is evil
(3) full consent in committing the act