Autonomy
Freedom from external constraint and the presence of critical mental capacities
What is autonomy?
A moral obligation to act for the benefit of others
What is the principle of beneficence?
Like cases should be treated alike.
What is the principle of justice?
What is the principle of veracity?
These are the four biomedical principle as formulated by Beauchamp and Childress
What are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence?
Manipulative nondisclosure of pertinent information or nonrecognition of a refusal of medical intervention.
What are failures to respect a patient's autonomy?
Primum non nocere or "above all, do no harm"
What is the principle of nonmaleficence?
Race, creed, color, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, or disability.
What are the criteria on which dentists shall not refuse to accept patients into their practice or deny dental services?
Two examples of professional behavior that violates the principle of veracity.
What are overbilling, providing unnecessary services, failure to report adverse reactions, false or misleading advertisement, misrepresentation of services, etc?
This principle of biomedical ethics is found in the ADA code of ethics but not in the four principles outlined by Beauchamp and Childress
What is veracity?
Being in some sense controlled by others or being otherwise incapable of acting in accordance with one's desires and plans
What is having diminished autonomy?
Pain, suffering, and the disability of injury and disease
What are the harms to be avoided?
Refusing to treat a patient with HIV, Hep B, or Hep C.
What is a violation of the principle of justice?
Removing amalgam fillings from a non-allergic patient for the alleged purpose of removing a toxic substance from the body.
What is a violation of the principle of veracity?
A type of duty which always ought to be acted upon unless it conflicts with some other duty
The decision of an autonomous, informed patient who wishes to refuse medical treatment.
What is a choice that must be respected?
Health, access to health care, and societal benefit
What are the goods to be maximized?
Rebates or 'split fees'.
What are two types of payment dentists shall not accept?
What is an example of overbilling?
The process by which an ethical principle is modified or reformulated so as to be applied practically.
What is specification?
Beneficence or justice.
What are the competing principles that might cause us to place limits on a patient's autonomy?
The two principles that are in tension with one another when a patient requests an unnecessary tooth extraction.
Make reasonable arrangements for emergency care.
What is a dentist's obligation when consulted in an emergency for a patient not of record?
The proper phrase with which a dentist should announce their area of specialization, e.g. orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, periodontics.
What is 'specialist in'?
OR, What is 'practice limited to' if this is the only area the dentist practices in?
Consistency, argumentative support, compatibility with reasonable non-moral beliefs, comprehensiveness, and simplicity.
What are the criteria for a coherent set of ethical beliefs?