adrenergic blocking agents
what is the prototype for alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist?
doxazosin
there are two prototypes:
nonselective is?
selective is?
propranolol
atenolol
what drugs are included?
IV?
(PO, IV, IM)?
nitroprusside
hydralazine
what is the diastolic pressure, with evidence of target organ system damage?
greater than 120 mmHg
Hypotension is generally considered a blood pressure reading lower than this, give systolic and diastolic numbers
lower than 90/60
what are the therapeutic effects/uses for alpha 1 selective adrenergic antagonist?
hypertension, BPH and Raynaud's disease
diminishes myocardial contractility which decreases this output?
cardiac
When would use a direct acting vasodilator?
severe HTN
hypertensive emergencies
what are the most common causes of a htn emergency?
untreated or poorly controlled essential HTN
a patient whose BP falls to 50/35 is at risk for this
what is coma and death
it may take this time frame for optimal therapeutic effects, what is the time frame?
4-6 weeks
What is a lung adverse effect?
bronchospasm
this is an adverse effect, that includes rapid heart rate over 100 triggered by body's autonomic nervous system to compensate for low blood pressure, reduced blood volume or sudden shifts in blood flow, what is this called?
reflex tachycardia
what is the goal of treatment for this condition?
lower BP quickly but not too quickly
this class of drugs is used to treat hypotension and shock, what is this class and what it is AKA?
sympathetic adrenergic agonists, AKA vasopressors
what C/V adverse effects might you see with this medication?
arrhythmias, hypotension, edema, HF, angina
black box warning for this is related to discontinuing med is?
withdrawal treatment gradually over several weeks
there can be retention of these?
sodium and water retention
what is the preferred route to give medications in a HTN emergency?
parenteral
vasopressors cause a sympathetic stress response, what are the adverse effects of them?
decreased GI activity, increased respiratory rate, HA, tachydysrhythmias and changes in peripheral blood flow
what diagnoses are contraindicated for use of the nonselective meds?
COPD and asthma
the MOA acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation, this leads to vasodilation and a drop in this, what is this?
BP
Nitroprusside sodium is the first line med to treat HTN-E, it is limited to 72 hours of use because it is metabolized to this?
cyanide toxicity
this drug is used for orthostatic hypotension, what is it called?
midodrine