Development
At what age (approximately) can a child roll over?
4 months
1) topical erythromycin and 2) IM third-generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime)
Many TORCH infections are associated with microcephaly - which condition is associated with macrocephaly?
Toxoplasmosis
What is the difference in physical exam findings for contact diaper dermatitis versus candida infection?
Irritant contact dermatitis spares the skin folds, while Candida dermatitis involves the skin folds and is associated wtih sattelite lesions
A male newborn is born to a 32-year-old woman by cesarean delivery at 38 weeks’ gestation and weighs 4309 g (9 lb 8 oz). The pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes that was difficult to manage. Apgar scores are 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. This newborn is at increased risk for developing which of the following within the next 24 hours?
At what age (approximately) do children exhibit stranger anxiety?
6 months
Empiric treatment for meningitis in a child
Which TORCH infection is associated with periventricular calcifications?
CMV
Describe the rash associated with rubella
Maculopapular rash with cephalocaudal spread
A 2-month-old infant has a 5-cm strawberry hemangioma on the cheek that is increasing in size. No other lesions are noted. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Observation
When should a child be able to build a tower of three blocks?
18 months (age x 2)
Empiric treatment for orbital cellulitis
Ampicillin-sulbactam
A 6-week girl is brought to the emergency department due to rash. Her parents first noticed several red spots on her feet, hands, and buttocks several weeks ago; the spots have now spread to her arms and legs. She has had no fever. The family lives on a rural farm, and the patient was delivered at home at approximately 39 weeks gestation via uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery. The mother was evaluated only once during pregnancy, at 10 weeks gestation, and her examination, blood work, and ultrasound were normal. Mucous membranes have no lesions. Heart, lung, and abdominal exams are unremarkable. Numerous small, nonblanching, erythematous maculopapular spots are distributed over the arms and legs, including the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the hands and feet. What is the best next step in evaluating the patient?
Rapid plasma reagin testing
Measles (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots)
If a child is diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, what additional screening is indicated?
Slit-lamp exam
By what age should a child's speech be 100% intelligible?
Empiric treatment for a human bite
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Name three agents that belong in the "O" category
Syphiliz, VZV, Parvovirus B19, HIV, Zika
When does the anterior fontanelle close?
18-24 months (but widely variable)
Posterior fontanelle closes by age 2 months
What are the classic CSF findings in tuberculous meningitis?
Low glucose, high protein, white count with elevated lymphocytes
When should a child be able to use a fork?
3 years old (think fork with three prongs)
Spoon at 2 years old
Otitis media, community acquired pneumonia
What can a Tzank smear test for?
HSV - swab from lesions would show multinucleated giant cells
Name the associated diagnosis: a nontender, firm, irregular abdominal mass that crosses the midline in a young child
Neuroblastoma
Wilms tumor often presents as a smooth, mobile flank mass that typically does NOT cross the midline
What memory device lists the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease, and what does each letter stand for?
CRASH + BURN
Conjunctivitis, Rash, Adenopathy, Strawberry tongue (mucosal involvement), Hands and feet swelling
AND
5+ days of fever