westward expansion
what does the word annex mean?
to add
native born people do not like immigrants because they are taking all the jobs
define Sectionalism
when different parts of the country (North v. South) develop different economies and cultures
North: industry, factories, immigrants
South: agriculture, cash crops-COTTON, SLAVES
what was the Confederacy?
the Southern states when they seceded from the Union (USA/North) and become their own country
What did the 14th Amendment do?
granted CITIZENSHIP to all persons (including former slaves) and "equal protection of the law"
also allowed African Americans to serve on juries
Why did U.S. and Mexico go to war in 1846?
over Texas annexation
How did industrialization lead to urbanization?
Foreign immigrants were attracted by the (low paying) jobs available in factories (in the North!!) – textile (cloths) factories were the 1st factories!
URBANIZATION: growth in population and growth of cities –Why? factories created jobs!
define the economy of the South
economy was based on agriculture
what is 13 amendment?
abolished slavery
What was sharecropping?
a system that developed in the South in which former slaves stayed on plantations and worked for plantation owners and pick cotton
Why was the Louisiana Purchase significant?
List all 3
1)
2) gave US control of the Mississippi River
3) increased Presidential powers &/or increased powers of the federal government
who was Frederick Douglas?
He led the fight for abolition, He was an ESCAPED SLAVE who SPOKE ABOUT THE EVILS OF SLAVERY. He also founded the newspaper 'The North Star’
describe the economy of the North
why was Vicksburg significant?
Battle: Union takes control of Mississippi River and cuts the Confederacy in half
what was the Freedman's Bureau?
organization that helped former slaves transition to freedom by providing shelter, jobs, food, clothing, and EDUCATION
Describe the Fugitive Slave Act
What did this mean for the federal government?
law that allowed the South to go into the FREE states to capture escaped slaves. Made North responsible for returning slaves
showed federal government supported slavery
who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
fought for women's rights (suffrage=vote)
why were these Compromises: Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and Kansas Nebraska Act significant?
Congress negotiated a series of compromises trying to BALANCE the interests of SLAVE STATES AND FREE STATES.
TEMPORARILY RELIVED TENSIONS BETWEEN THOSE IN FAVOR OF SLAVERY AND THOSE AGAINST IT
Why was Lincoln's Gettysburg Address significant?
he used ideals of Declaration of Independence "all men are created equal" .... the Union will be preserved
Describe Radical Reconstruction
Radical Republicans wanted to help newly freed African Americans (give them rights)
What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 do?
1) it ends the US Mexico War
2) gives US the Mexican Cession (which includes California
3) allows SLAVERY to expand westward
how did innovation in transportation changed the world?
Railroads & steamboats made it faster, easier, cheaper for transportation of goods and people which resulted in the growth of cities and commerce (trade)
Describe the Compromise of 1850
(has 2 parts)
#1) California was admitted as a FREE state but, in the other parts of the Mexican Cession the people would be free to decide through "popular sovereignty" on whether they wanted their state to be a FREE state or a SLAVE state
#2) FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT: this law required that slaves be captured & returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state (this made abolitionists—those opposed to slavery—in the North ANGRY).
Why is Appomatox Court House significant?
site where General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union
what amendment allowed Hiram Rhodes Revels to serve on US Congress in the Senate? explain
15th amendment: allowed black men to be voted into PUBLIC OFFICE