Diagnostics
Diagnostics/Treatment
Immunocompromised
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Final Jeopardy
100
The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks on cruise ships.
Norovirus
100
Self-limited emetic illness that begins a few hours after eating reheated fried rice.
Bacillus cereus
100
The most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients.
Clostridioides difficile
100
Diarrheal illness followed by ascending paralysis.
Campylobacter jejuni (Guillain–Barré syndrome)
100
Hospitalized patient develops diarrhea and colonoscopy shows this.
Pseudomebranous colitis, C difficile infection
200
Diarrhea that develops after eating street food in developing country.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
200
Antibiotics should be avoided in this cause of bloody diarrhea because of the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC/STEC), Shigella dysenteriae
200
Chronic watery diarrhea in AIDS with small acid-fast oocysts on modified stain.
Cryptosporidium
200
Watery diarrhea with hyponatremia, transaminitis, and pneumonia after a hotel stay.
Legionella pneumophila
200
Colonoscopy done for diarrhea shows these findings.
Anthraquinones (senna) laxative
300
Severe secretory diarrhea that can carry up to 50% mortality if untreated due to profound dehydration.
Vibrio cholerae
300
First-line therapy for chronic intestinal infection with Strongyloides stercoralis.
Ivermectin
300
Chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency.
Giardia
300
Fish tapeworm infection causing diarrhea and vitamin B12 deficiency with megaloblastic anemia.
Diphyllobothrium latum
300
Seen in a transplant patient who developed diarrhea.
CMV colitis
400
Fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea after eating undercooked meat; imaging shows terminal ileitis with mesenteric adenitis.
Yersinia enterocolitica
400
Persistent foul-smelling diarrhea beginning weeks after camping; preferred treatment.
Tinidazole or nitazoxanide (for Giardia)
400
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor producing watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria.
VIPoma
400
Chronic diarrhea, weight loss, arthralgias, and PAS-positive macrophages in the small intestine.
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
400
Seen on physical exam of patient complaining of diarrhea.
Dermatitis herpetiformis, celiac disease
500
Following an episode of infectious diarrhea, a patient with sickle cell disease develops osteomyelitis.
Salmonella typhi
500
Soft tissue infection with gas gangrene accompanied by late-onset diarrhea caused by a toxin-producing anaerobe.
Clostridium perfringens
500
Diarrhea with flushing and bronchospasm from a serotonin-secreting tumor; best initial biochemical test.
24-hour urinary 5-HIAA
500
Pathognomonic neurologic finding that mandates prolonged therapy in Whipple disease and requires CSF PCR even without neurologic symptoms.
Oculomasticatory myorhythmia
500
Rare cause of chronic diarrhea associated with urticaria pigmentosa and dermatographism.
Mast cell disease (mastocytosis)
500
Stool microscopy reveals protozoan trophozoites containing ingested red blood cells in a patient with dysentery. To achieve both clinical cure and eradication of luminal colonization, what two-drug regimen is required?
What are metronidazole (or tinidazole) PLUS a luminal agent such as paromomycin?