Elbow & Forearm Mechanics
The medial and lateral __________ of the humerus are common origin areas for many muscles that move the wrist and fingers.
Epicondyles
The __________ joint of the wrist allows flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation
Radiocarpal
The thumb CMC joint is classified as a __________ joint.
Saddle
The only direct bony connection between the shoulder complex and the axial skeleton is the __________ joint.
Sternoclavicular joint
The hip is structurally classified as a __________-and-socket joint.
Ball
A wider base of support generally increases body __________.
Stability
The anatomical structure distal to the hip is the __________.
Which joint allows the radius to move on the humerus during both elbow flexion/extension and forearm rotation?
A. Humeroulnar joint
B. Humeroradial joint
C. Distal radioulnar joint
D. Intercarpal joint
B. Humeroradial joint
Which set includes bones from the proximal carpal row?
A. Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate
B. Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
C. Hamate, capitate, trapezoid
D. Pisiform, hamate, capitate
B. Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
Which muscle is most responsible for flexing the DIP joints of digits 2–5?
A. Flexor digitorum superficialis
B. Flexor digitorum profundus
C. Flexor carpi radialis
D. Extensor digitorum
B. Flexor digitorum profundus
A patient has progressive shoulder stiffness, especially with abduction and external rotation. Which condition is most consistent with capsular tightness of the glenohumeral joint?
A. Adhesive capsulitis
B. Lateral epicondylitis
C. Carpal tunnel syndrome
D. Rotator cuff rupture only
A. Adhesive capsulitis
Which pair of muscles forms the iliopsoas group?
A. Gluteus maximus and gluteus medius
B. Psoas major and iliacus
C. Rectus femoris and sartorius
D. Hamstrings and adductors
B. Psoas major and iliacus
The collective position of body segments at a given moment is called postural __________.
Alignment
Most rotational movements, such as shaking your head no, occur in the __________ plane.
Transverse
A student is explaining why the forearm can turn palm-up and palm-down. Which joint classification best fits the proximal radioulnar joint?
A. Hinge
B. Saddle
C. Pivot
D. Condyloid
C. Pivot
The pisiform is located on the ulnar side of the palm and serves as an insertion point for which muscle?
A. Flexor carpi ulnaris
B. Flexor carpi radialis
C. Extensor carpi ulnaris
D. Palmaris longus
A. Flexor carpi ulnaris
A client can flex the MCP and PIP joints of the fingers while grasping a toothbrush. Which muscle is strongly involved?
A. Flexor digitorum superficialis
B. Flexor pollicis longus
C. Palmaris longus
D. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
A. Flexor digitorum superficiali
Which trapezius fibers assist with scapular elevation and upward rotation during overhead reaching?
A. Upper fibers
B. Middle fibers
C. Lower fibers
D. All fibers equally
A. Upper fibers
Which muscle is especially important for pelvic stability during walking because of its role in hip abduction?
A. Gluteus maximus
B. Gluteus medius
C. Rectus femoris
D. Biceps femoris
B. Gluteus medius
Which vertebra is commonly palpated as a prominent landmark near the transition from the cervical to thoracic spine?
A. C1
B. C3
C. C7
D. T6
C. C7
Which structure transfers the force of muscle contraction to bone?
A. Ligament
B. Tendon
C. Cartilage
D. Bursa
B. Tendon
A client has pain with resisted forearm pronation and tenderness near the medial elbow. Which muscle should the OT be thinking about?
A. Supinator
B. Pronator teres
C. Brachialis
D. Triceps brachii
B. Pronator teres
Which structure acts as a pulley for the extensor pollicis longus tendon?
A. Radial tuberosity
B. Lister’s tubercle
C. Ulnar styloid
D. Olecranon process
B. Lister’s tubercle
Which thenar muscle is most associated with thumb opposition for texting or touching the thumb to the fingertips?
A. Abductor pollicis brevis. F
B. Flexor pollicis brevis
C. Opponens pollicis
D. Extensor pollicis brevi
C. Opponens pollicis
Reaching backward into horizontal abduction primarily uses which deltoid fibers?
A. Anterior
B. Middle
C. Posterior
D. Inferior
C. Posterior
A client’s knee collapses inward during weight-bearing. Which ligament resists excessive valgus stress?
A. ACL
B. PCL
C. MCL
D. LCL
C. MCL
Which abdominal muscle rotates the trunk to the same side?
A. External oblique
B. Internal oblique
C. Rectus abdominis
D. Transverse abdominis
B. Internal oblique
Neck flexion and extension are commonly used as an example of which lever class?
A. First-class
B. Second-class
C. Third-class
D. Fourth-class
A. First-class
During a chin-up, the forearm position allows the biceps brachii to contribute more strongly to elbow flexion. What forearm position is this?
Supination
A client is using forceful grasp. Which CMC joints allow extra mobility to improve forceful grasp?
A. Index and middle CMC joints
B. Middle and ring CMC joints
C. Ring and small finger CMC joints
D. All CMC joints equally
C. Ring and small finger CMC joints
The lumbricals create a combined movement pattern: they flex the __________ joints and extend the __________ joints.
MCP; PIP/DIP
A client has hemiparesis, shoulder pain, and the involved arm hangs downward when seated. The OT should be alert for glenohumeral __________.
Subluxation
A patient has difficulty rising from a chair because they cannot strongly straighten the knees. Which muscle group is most directly involved?
A. Hamstrings
B. Quadriceps
C. Hip adductors
D. Gastrocnemius
B. Quadriceps
Which structure functions as a shared passageway for food and air?
A. Larynx
B. Trachea
C. Pharynx
D. Esophagus
C. Pharynx
Which option would most likely improve positional stability during a standing activity?
A. Narrowing the feet and raising the center of gravity
B. Widening the base of support and lowering the center of gravity
C. Standing on one foot with eyes closed
D. Reducing contact points with the floor
B. Widening the base of support and lowering the center of gravity