Movement Mechanics
A client pushes a light box away by straightening the elbow. The triceps shorten while producing force. What type of contraction is occurring?
What is a concentric contraction?
A client cannot complete a movement against gravity but completes the full motion when gravity is eliminated. What MMT grade best fits?
What is 2/5?
A client turns the palm downward to pour water from a pitcher. What forearm motion occurred?
What is pronation?
A driver presses the gas pedal toward the floor. What ankle motion is occurring?
What is plantarflexion?
While carrying a full cup, a client watches the liquid and continuously changes hand position to prevent spilling. What type of motor control is this?
What is closed-loop control?
A client has a permanent physical limitation. Instead of waiting for function to return, the OT changes the dressing method so the client can be independent now. What approach is being used?
What is the rehabilitation approach
A client slowly lowers a dumbbell back down after completing a curl. What type of contraction is being used at the biceps?
What is an eccentric contraction?
A therapist chooses stretching and strengthening activites because limited joint motion and strength is preventing a client from dressing independently. What OT approach is being used?
What is the biomechanical approach?
Pulling a heavy door toward the body requires strong shoulder extension and adduction. What large back muscle can assist with these motions?
What is the latissimus dorsi?
A person standing on a moving subway spreads their feet farther apart. What biomechanical change helps them stay balanced?
What is an increased/wider base of support?
A well-practiced, very fast movement is launched before there is enough time to make corrections using sensory feedback. What control system is being used?
What is open-loop control?
A client tires halfway through doing laundry. The OT recommends sitting to fold clothes, taking planned breaks, and dividing the task across the day. What strategy is this?
What is energy conservation?
A client holds a shopping bag with the elbow bent at 90° without moving the arm. What type of contraction are the elbow flexors performing?
What is an isometric contraction?
During passive motion, pain stops the therapist before any normal tissue resistance is reached. What type of end feel is this?
What is an empty end feel?
Picking a coin up from a table using the thumb and fingertip relies primarily on what type of grasp?
What is a precision pinch?
A client has difficulty rising from a low sofa because hip extension is weak. Which major muscle should be examined?
What is the gluteus maximus?
Two people complete the same reaching task using slightly different combinations of joints and muscles. What motor-control concept explains these multiple possible solutions?
What is redundancy?
A client with low vision keeps confusing two similarly colored containers. What environmental change could make the task easier?
What is increasing visual contrast?
Ten repetitions with a resistance band have become easy, so the therapist increases the resistance. What strengthening principle is being applied?
What is the overload principle?
A client's passive motion is nearly normal, but active motion is much smaller and pain-free. What impairment should the therapist investigate first?
What is muscle weakness or impaired motor control?
After falling onto an outstretched hand, a client has tenderness on the thumb side of the wrist near a carpal bone that helps transfer forces through the wrist. Which bone is a concern?
What is the scaphoid?
A client sits slouched with the pelvis rolled backward. What normally curved area of the spine tends to become flatter?
What is the lumbar spine?
A client's movement changes when the chair height, surface, and object location change. Which theory emphasizes that movement emerges from the interaction of many systems and conditions?
What is dynamic systems theory?
A recently injured hand is hot, swollen, and painful. Would heavy strengthening or protection and swelling management be the better early priority?
What is protection and edema/swelling management?
During a reaching task, a client leans the trunk instead of gaining more shoulder motion. What type of movement could make the arm appear more functional than it really is?
What is compensatory movement?
Two therapists measure noticeably different ROM values on the same client. What measurement factors should they check before assuming the client's ROM changed?
What are positioning, anatomical landmarks, and goniometer alignment?
A client has shoulder pain during overhead work. Why would an OT avoid examining only the glenohumeral joint?
What is because shoulder function depends on coordinated joints, muscles, scapular movement, posture, and trunk/core control?
During walking, why can't the knee, ankle, and foot function as completely rigid structures?
What is because they must combine stability with mobility for weight support, foot placement, and movement?
Several muscles automatically work together so a person can keep a cup steady even when one part of the arm is slightly disturbed. What motor-control concept does this demonstrate?
What is a motor synergy?
Months after an injury, the wound is closed but scar tightness limits function. Treatment now includes controlled stress, strengthening, and graded return to activity. What healing phase is being addressed?
What is the remodeling phase?