______ come into being by natural processes. _____ are designed and operated by people. Both can interact in important ways.
Natural Systems, Human-made Systems
100
The _____ ______ acknowledges that the behavior of any one element affects the behavior of others and that no single element can perform effectively without the help from the others.
Systems Approach
100
______ is the science of designing complex systems in their totality to insure that the component subsystems making up the system are designed, fitted together, checked and operated in the most efficient way.
Systems Engineering
100
Process Groups are factored into these two groups:
Single and Multi-Phase
200
Human-made systems accomplish things by converting ____ into ______ through a well-defined _____.
Inputs, Outputs, Process
200
______ can be looked at as goal-oriented systems - interacting parts, human and nonhuman, generally working towards common goals.
Organizations
200
The Systems Approach recognizes _______ and _______ relationships among elements.
interdependencies, cause-effect
200
System Engineering Phases that include Needs Identification and Conceptual Design, Preliminary Design, Details Design and Development, Construction or Production, and Operation and Support is know as _____.
Project Life Cycle
200
The General Project Life Cycle into divided into these four sections:
Systems have ______ that may inhibit their ability to reach objectives. The objectives of subsystems are frequently in _____.
constraints, conflict
300
Organization ________ characteristics tend to have many objectives, boundaries that are permeable and fluctuate, hierarchical, and rely upon feedback from elements and environment.
Open Systems
300
The Systems Approach moves from Objectives to Output through these four actions through evaluation of the effectiveness of system in meeting objectives.
1) Definition,
2) Systems Analysis,
3) Selection,
4) System Synthesis
300
___________ is the process of monitoring and controlling a system to ensure fulfillment of overall system objectives.
Systems Management
300
The dividing line between the Project Life Cycle sections are called ________.
Decision Points
400
_________ interact with the environment and have the capability to adapt to environmental changes. ______ are self-contained.
Open systems, Closed Systems
400
Organizations as Systems are divided into these three subsystems:
1) Functional subsystems,
2) Production subsystems,
3) Manufacturing subsystem
400
A Systems ______ is a simplified representation of the world; it abstracts the essential features of the system under study.
Model
400
What are the three phases in a Project Life Cycle?
1) Initial,
2) Intermediate,
3) Final
400
Project Management ________ supports consistency in project management which otherwise vary manager-to-manager, or project-to-project.
Methodology
500
________ refers to the design, implementation and operation of a system that adapts to changing environmental requirements and achieves effective, coordinated functioning of elements and subsystems.
Systems Integration
500
The term used to identify each unit within a System subsystem is known as _______.
Elements
500
What are the two types of System Models?
Physical and Conceptual
500
Life Cycle Monitoring and Controlling Process Group consist of these four processes: