Position & Motion
What tells where an object is in relation to a nearby object or place?
Position
What tells how quickly an object’s position changes but does NOT tell direction?
Speed
What is a force?
A push or a pull
What word describes a change in velocity?
Acceleration
If you roll a ball on a smooth floor and it slows down, what two things from the quick review explain why it slows?
Friction and acceleration — friction causes the ball to slow, which is a type of acceleration.
If a person moves from the chair to the floor, what do we call that change?
Motion
What is the main extra piece of information that velocity has that speed does not?
Direction
Name a force that pulls objects toward Earth.
Gravity
List the three types of changes that count as acceleration.
Speeding up, slowing down, changing direction
You push a friend on a skateboard and they speed up. Which idea explains you pushing and which idea describes the speeding up?
Force explains the push; acceleration describes the speeding up.
Name two words we might use to describe an object's position.
Above, Below, Beside, In front of, Behind
If a toy car goes 10 feet in 2 seconds and another goes 5 feet in 2 seconds, which car has greater ____?
Speed
What force acts against motion when two surfaces touch and try to slide past each other?
Friction
When a bike rider presses the brakes and slows down, is that acceleration or not? Explain briefly.
Yes — it is acceleration because velocity is changing (slowing down).
Name one way scientists and engineers use these ideas in real life (pick one from the text).
To design safe roads / build playgrounds / make machines work well
True or False?
To know if something is moving, we compare its position at one time to its position at another time.
True
Give an example that shows two objects with the same speed but different velocities.
Example: Two birds flying at the same rate but one flying north and the other flying south.
Give one way friction is useful and one way it can be a problem.
Useful: helps us walk without slipping.
Problem: makes machines wear out or makes things harder to move.)
A skateboarder keeps the same speed but turns left. Is the skateboarder accelerating? Why or why not?
Yes — because changing direction is a change in velocity (acceleration).
Describe a short experiment students could do in class to see friction’s effect on motion. Include two simple steps.
Example: 1) Roll a toy car on a smooth floor and time how far it goes.
2) Roll the same car on carpet and compare how far/time — the carpet stops the car sooner because of more friction.
Describe a simple classroom example that shows both position and motion in one sentence.
Example: "The pencil is on the desk (position); when I slide it to the floor, it is in motion."
A student walks east at 3 feet per second for 10 seconds. State the student's velocity (include direction and speed).
3 feet per second, east
If you push a swing and it starts moving, which idea explains your push? Also name the force that pulls the swing back down.
Your push is a force that starts motion; gravity pulls the swing back down.
Explain how friction can cause acceleration (use the ball-rolling example).
Friction from the floor and air acts against the ball’s motion, slowing it down; this change in velocity (slowing) is acceleration.
Create a two-sentence explanation that uses position, motion, speed, velocity, force, acceleration, and friction correctly.
Example: "The ball’s position on the floor changed when I pushed it (motion). My push was a force that gave the ball a speed and a velocity (because I pushed it toward the door). Friction from the floor slowed the ball down, which is acceleration because the ball’s velocity changed."