Defining
Motivation Operations
Motivation Operations
What are motivation operations?
Events that alter the value of reinforcement and the frequency of behavior associated with the reinforcement in the past (Rispoli et al., 2011)
Abolishing or establishing?
After I slept for 10 hours, the value of sleep decreased for me because I was fully rested. There are no behaviors like eye rubbing or yawning. I will not need to sleep for a while.
Abolishing
What effect does deprivation have on behavior?
Increase the effectiveness of some object or event as reinforcement and evokes the behavior that has in the past been followed by that object or event (Michael, 1982).
True or False: Exposure to preferred items before class sessions increases class engagement (Rispoli et al. 2011)
True, (Rispoli et al., 2011) states that ...
What is a reflexive conditoned motivation operation (CMO-R)?
a stimulus whose onset functions as a positive punisher and whose offset functions as a negative reinforcer (Poling et al., 2019).
What are establishing operations?
Any event that increases the effectiveness of a given consequence (Laraway et al., 2003)
Abolishing or establishing?
Asa spent the last few hours alone playing video games, making the value of attention from his mother increase. He will perform behaviors that he done in the past that got her attention.
Establishing operations
What is the difference between unconditioned establishing operations (UEOs) versus conditioned establishing operations (CEOs)?
Unconditioned establishing operations (UEOs) do not require a learning history whereas conditioned establishing operations (CEOs) do not (Laraway et al., 2003)
True or False: Problem behavior is more likely to occur following exposure to high levels of attention.
False, aversive responses were less likely to occur following exposure to attention than it was following exposure to other forms of reinforcers (Berg et al., 2000).
What is a surrogate conditioned motivation operation (CMO-S)?
a stimulus change that acquires its ability to alter reinforcer effectiveness by being paired with an established MO (Poling et al., 2019).
What are abolishing operations?
Any event that decreases the effectiveness of a given consequence (Laraway et al., 2003)
Abolishing or establishing?
Olivia spent an extra hour out at school recess which tires her, making the value of being outside decrease. She does not to go outside with her friend later after school.
Abolishing
Why is losing the opportunity to earn a consequence is only important if you currently ‘‘want’’ that consequence?
It increases the reinforcing effectiveness of objects/events while also increasing the punishing effectiveness of making those objects or events unavailable (removal) (Laraway et al., 2003)
True or False: Deprivation from attention results in decreased responding.
False, Deprivation from attention results in increased responding (Berg et. all, 2000)
What is discriminative stimulus?
a stimulus change whose momentary effectiveness with the reinforcement increases the frequency of a response because that stimulus change has been correlated with an increase in the frequency with which that type of response has been followed by that type of reinforcement (Poling et al., 2019).
What is the evocative effect?
An increase in responding due to the action of antecedents (Laraway et al., 2003)
Abolishing or establishing?
I got an ice cream cone on a hot summer day. The value of it went it up because of the heat. I will not perform behaviors that help me to cool off in the winter due to frigid temperatures.
Establishing
__________ augmentals alter the effectiveness of established reinforcers, and ______ augmentals establish new reinforcers (Poling et al., 2019)
motivative, formative
Argumentals are verbal statements that alter the reinforcing (or punishing) effectiveness of other stimuli (Poling et al., 2019)
True
What is a transitive conditioned motivation operation (CMO-T)?
a stimulus change that occurs when the presentation of one stimulus alters the conditioned reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus (Poling et al., 2019)
What is the abative effect?
A decrease in responding due to the action of antecedents (Laraway et al., 2003)
Abolishing or establishing?
The baby is crying to be held. The value of contact with a caregiver increases because of her distress. When the baby calms down, she will want to get back down and play.
Establishing
Motivationa operations and discriminate stimulus work together to ___________.
control behavior
True or False: A CMO is effective only when the organism in question has an appropriate learning, or conditioning, history (Poling et al., 2019)
True
What are conditioned motivating operations?
Variables that alter the reinforcing effectiveness of other stimuli, objects, or events as a result of the organism’s learning history (Poling et al., 2019)