Brain Mechanisms
The neurotransmitter most associated with the experience of pleasure.
what is Dopamine?
A need or desire that directs behavior towards a goal.
What is motivation?
The sought-after objects or ends that exist in the external environment. Also called reinforcers, rewards, or goals.
What are incentives?
The “feeling” associated with emotion, independent of the object is referred to by psychologists as
What is Affect?
Olds and Milner used these animals in their research.
What are rats?
A set of neurons in which activity constitutes a drive is called this.
What is a central drive system?
Hunger, sleepiness, and emotions are examples of this.
What are behavioral states?
Name three physiological needs.
What is air, water and food?
An emotional feeling that is usually not directed at a particular object and lasts for a sufficiently long period is referred to as
What is mood?
This bad habit disorder mimics the effect of dopamine and endorphins.
What is addiction?
A repetitive biological change that continues at a 24-hour cycle in the absence of external cues is known as this.
What is circadian rhythm?
Our bodies always try to return to this resting state. This is known as
What is homeostasis?
These are the two general classes of drives.
What are regulatory and non-regulatory drives?
This emotion serves to keep us away from contamination or illness
What is disgust?
The structure in the temporal lobe that appears to be the brain's early warning system and receives stimulus input from all of the body's sensory systems.
What is the amygdala?
This part of the brain controls the release of hormones through its connection to the pituitary gland.
What is the hypothalamus?
A hormone known as the ‘satiety hormone‘, that plays an important role in appetite and weight control.
What is Leptin?
According to this theory, different drives correspond to neural activity in different sets of neurons in the brain.
What is the central-state theory of drives?
Who proposed that emotions are universal and have species-specific adaptive functions that are reflected by facial expressions?
Who is Charles Darwin?
This stage of sleep is where most dreams occur.
What is REM sleep?
These researchers initiated the study of brain mechanisms of rewards in the 1950's.
Who are James Olds and Peter Milner?
The clock that controls the circadian rhythm of sleep in all mammals located in a specific nucleus of the hypothalamus
What is suprachiasmatic nucleus?
The five categories of mammalian drives.
What are regulatory drives, safety drives, reproductive drives, social drives and educative drives?
This person developed/ identified the eight primary emotions
Who is Robert Plutchik?
The master control center for appetite and weight regulation
What is the arcuate nucleus?