Motivational Concepts
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
What is an instinct?
Deliberate or social exclusion of individuals or groups
What is ostracism?
1) Physiological arousal
2) Expressive behaviors
3) Conscious experience
What is emotion?
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
What is stress?
According to Freud, this was a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories.
What is the unconscious?
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
What is glucose?
Excessive self-love and self-absorption.
What is narcissism?
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus. (Ex: "We feel afraid because we tremble")
What is the James-Lange theory?
The stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome is when your body becomes vulnerable to illness, or even in extreme cases, collapse and death.
What is exhaustion?
The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality.
What is the Ego?
When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task
What is the overjustification effect?
The need to build relationship and to feel part of a group
What is affiliation need?
A machine used in attempts to detect lies that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotions.
What is a polygraph?
People's tendency to be helpful when in a good mood.
What is the feel-good, do good, phenomenon?
What is self-actualization?
the idea that physiological need creates an aroused state(a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
What is Drive-reduction theory?
Conflict is between one decision that has both desirable and undesirable consequences.
What is an Approach/Avoidance conflict?
This psychologist argued that emotions, specifically our likes, dislikes, and fears, take a "low road," where a stimulus travels straight from the eye/ear to the amygdala.
Who is Joseph LeDoux.
The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
What is positive psychology?
What is Agreeableness?
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Pictures of our loved ones activates this part of the brain, which dampens feelings of physical pain.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
This psychologist argued that emotions arise when we appraise an event as harmless or dangerous.
According to this psychologist, after interpreting an event, we experience a simultaneous physiological and emotional response.
Who is Richard Lazarus?
Friedman and Rosenmann's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, and verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.
Studies show that this group of people are at an increased risk of cardiovascular problems.
Who are Type A people?
Giving priority of one group and defining one's identity accordingly.
What is collectivism?