Theories of Motivation
This law explains the relationship between arousal levels and performance, stating that too little or too much arousal can decrease performance.
What is Optimal Arousal Theory/Yerkes-Dodson Law?
A mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
What is emotion?
This theory of personality suggests that personality is largely the result of unconscious drives and childhood experiences.
What is the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory?
This defense mechanism involves refusing to accept reality or facts.
What is denial?
This therapeutic approach emphasizes the inherent goodness of people and focuses on personal growth and self-fulfillment.
What is the humanistic perspective?
This theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the desire to reduce physiological needs (like hunger and thirst).
What is Drive-Reduction Theory?
This hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experience.
What is the facial-feedback hypothesis?
The stable, enduring characteristics that influence behavior and which make up personality.
What are traits?
This term describes the process of reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to stress.
What is regression?
The term used to describe the internal state of balance maintained by our body.
What is homeostasis?
This theory explains that individuals (mostly animals) are primarily driven by innate, biologically programmed behaviors.
What is Instinct Theory?
This theory suggests that positive emotional experiences encourage new actions and thoughts, while negative emotional experiences narrow thinking and action.
What is the broaden-and-build theory?
This widely used personality inventory measures traits through factor analysis.
What is the Big 5 Theory of Personality?
This defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else.
What is projection?
This psychologist is known for his work on ideal/real self and unconditional positive regard.
Who is Carl Rogers?
A student who is exhibiting _________ _________ in school is motivated to pay attention and study because they value learning and want to grow as a person. Their primary motivation is not to get good grades or recognition.
What is intrinsic motivation?
This term refers to the emotions that are believed to be experienced by all people, regardless of time or place.
(Anger, disgust, sadness, happiness, surprise, fear)
What are universal emotions?
This category of personality test is designed to expose an individual's inner thoughts, emotions, and conflicts. Two examples of this type of test are the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test.
What are projective tests?
The defense mechanism called when one justifies behaviors by providing reasonable explanations.
What is rationalization?
This term describes an individual's belief in their ability to succeed at a specific task. For example, Timmy believes he will win his next tennis match. His sense of __________ in tennis is high.
What is self-efficacy?
This theory suggests that behavior is motivated by external rewards, such as money.
What is incentive theory?
This term describes the cultural norms that dictate how emotions are expressed.
What are display rules?
This concept in social-cognitive theory of personality explains that personality is shaped by the interactions between cognitive processes, behaviors, and social environments.
What is reciprocal determinism?
This defense mechanism involves redirecting emotions or impulses to an easier substitute target.
What is displacement?
Name the five levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs from the most basic to most advanced.
What are physiological, safety, belongingness, self-esteem, and self-actualization?