Motivation Theories
Define "Motivation"
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A social group or culture's informal norms about how to appropriately express emotions
Display Rule
Any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain
Stress
What is the first level of Maslow's Hierarchy? What is an example of a need at this level?
Physiological - food, water, shelter
What is intrinsic motivation?
Behavior that is driven by internal rewards (autonomy, mastery, purpose)
People are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionarily/genetically programmed to do so with survival instincts
Instinct/Evolutionary Theory
We first perceive an event, then experience an emotional response, and finally have a physiological reaction
Common Sense Theory
Effect of positive events, or the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being (creates motivation)
Eustress
What is the second level of Maslow's Hierarchy? What is an example of a need at this level?
Safety - financial security
What is extrinsic motivation?
Behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivate an organism to satisfy the need
Drive Reduction Theory
Emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events (bodily reactions first, then emotion)
James Lange Theory
Occurs when people experience unpleasant and undesirable stressors
Distress
What is the third level of Maslow's Hierarchy? What is an example of a need at this level?
Love/Belonging - Romantic relationship
What is internal locus of control?
You believe that you have control over what happens
We are pulled into action by—positive or negative— outside motivators
Incentive Theory
Facial expressions are connected to experiencing emotions
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
What is the difference between maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies?
Maladaptive strategies ordinarily fail to remove the stressors or wind up substituting one stressor for another
Adaptive strategies remove stressors or enable us to better tolerate them
What is the 4th level of Maslow's Hierarchy? What is an example of a need at this level?
Esteem - sense of self worth
What is external locus of control?
Blame outside forces for their circumstances
Individuals are motivated to reach the perfect level of alertness, where they feel engaged but not stressed.
Optimum Arousal Theory
Suggests that the physical and psychological experience of emotion happen at the same time and that one does not cause the other
Cannon-Bard Theory
What are the 3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome?
1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion
What is the final stage of Maslow's Hierarchy? Explain
Self actualization - Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested fulfilling their potential
What is the difference between a type A and B personality?
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