Content Perspective
Draw Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, listing all 5 needs in the correct order.
Self-actualization, Esteem, Love, Safety, Physiological
What is the Equity/Justice Theory?
Suggests that people are motivated by the perception of fairness when comparing inputs and outputs with others.
What is the traditional approach to job design?
Fitting people to jobs based on skills and qualifications.
Define Positive Reinforcement and give an example.
Giving a positive consequence to strengthen the likelihood it will happen again. Example performance based bonus.
What are the 3 types of needs according to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory?
Achievement, Affiliation, Power
Define Expectancy Theory.
States that motivation is based on expectation that effort will lead to performance and that performance will lead to their desired outcome.
Describe the modern approach to job design.
Fitting jobs to people by considering their needs and preferences to enhance satisfaction and performance.
Removal of an unpleasant consequence to strengthen the desired behavior. Example reducing supervision when an employee performs well.
Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory focuses on competence, autonomy and relatedness, describe this theory in terms of intrinsic/extrinsic motivation.
This theory places an emphasis on intrinsic motivation rather than extrinsic.
What is Goal-Setting Theory?
States that setting specific and challenging yet attainable goals will enhance performance and motivation.
What are the 5 job attributes in the Job Characteristics Model?
Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback
Explain the concept of Extinction.
Makes sure a behavior is not longer reinforced, leading to that behavior decreasing over time.
What are the two factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory? And which factor can lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction?
Hygiene factors (dissatisfaction) and Motivating factors (satisfaction)
What role does feedback play in Process Perspectives?
Feedback is important as it allows employees to see their progress toward goals and adjust efforts accordingly.
Discuss the difference between job enlargement and job enrichment.
Job enlargement is adding more tasks to increase variety to the job. Job enrichment is adding more responsibility, achievement, and stimulating work to the job.
Explain the concept of Punishment within reinforcement theory.
Decreases the likelihood of a behavior recurring by presenting something negative or removing something positive.
Which of the content perspectives focus on both our high and low level needs?
Maslow and Herzberg
How do Content Perspectives differ from Process Perspectives in motivation?
Content focuses on what motivates people, while Process focuses on how people make decision about their motivation.
How does job design influence employee performance?
Well designed jobs increase engagement, satisfaction, and overall performance by aligning an employees skills and motivation.
Discuss the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement.
Punishment is used to decrease undesired behavior with negative consequences. Negative reinforcement is used to increase desired behavior by removing negative stimuli.