This is an individual's highest-level need, according to Maslow.
What is self-actualization
100
Examples of extrinsic rewards
What are high pay or promotions or good supervisory relationships?
100
This theory proposed than a behavior is a function of consequences.
What is reinforcement theory?
100
Individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and respond to eliminate any inequities.
What is Equity Theory?
100
Time-based, specific, participatively-set goals with feedback.
What are the key features of a management by objectives (MBO) approach?
200
According to Herzberg, these factors, when adequate in a job, placate workers.
What are hygiene factors?
200
Examples of intrinsic rewards
What are achievement or responsibility or competence?
200
These are consequences that, when immediately following a response, increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated.
What are reinforcers?
200
Change inputs, outputs or referents.
What are some of the possible choices that employees are predicted (under Equity Theory) to make when they perceive an inequity?
200
Personal attention, expressing interest, approval, and appreciation for a job well done.
What are the foci of employee recognition programs?
300
McGregor's Negative Side
What is Theory X?
300
According to cognitive evaluation theory, this declines as greater levels of extrinsic rewards are applied.
What is intrinsic motivation?
300
Voluntary or learned behavior (in contrast to reflexive or unlearned behavior)
What is operant behavior?
300
Equity theory says thaat underrewarded employees will respond to payment by time in this way.
What is producing more units of lower quality than equitably paid employees?
300
These programs use the entire capabity of employees to encourage increased commitment to the organization's success.
What are employee involvement programs?
400
Humans have cord needs for existence, relatedness, and growth
What is ERG Theory?
400
Goal-setting theory says that these kinds of goals produce a higher level of output than do the generalized admonition to "do your best."
What are specific, difficult goals?
400
This schedule of reinforcement depends upon how much time has passed.
What is an interval schedule?
400
The effort-performance relationship is dependent upon these in Expectancy Theory
What are the strength of the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and the level of attractiveness of that outcome to the individual?
400
Piece-rate wages, bonuses and profit sharing
What are examples of variable-pay programs or pay-for-performance approaches?
500
McClelland says that workers seek situations to meet their individual needs in one or more of these three areas.
What are achievement, power and affiliation?
500
An individuals belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.
What is self-efficacy?
500
This kind of schedule gives very high performance with slow extinction, and is exemplified by commission sales.
What is a variable ratio schedule?
500
High levels of performance are partially a function of an absence of obstacles that constrain the employee.
What is the "opportunity to perform" factor in motivation?
500
Create generalists through rewarding acquisition of competencies with greater pay.