Chapter 1
What is the definition of an open skill
one for which the environment is variable and unpredictable during the action.
What are the 3 stages of Human processing information?
stimulus identification,
response selection and
movement programming
What is the definition of parallel processing?
Two or more streams of information can enter the system and be processed together without interfering with each other.
What does exteroception mean? and what is the greatest source of information for this information?
information to the processing system about hte state of the environment with which ones body exists. VISION!
Name the different types of cutaneous receptors
mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors
What is the definition and example of a serial skill
Discrete actions linked together, examples include: hammering a nail, assembly-line work, gymnastics routine
How is response time identified
reaction time + movement time
Give an example of the Stroop Effect
the game played where the color and word did not match and it took extra processing time to say the correct word written in a different color
All closed loop control systems have four main parts. What is the name of the decision making system that responds to errors?
Executive system
Give an example of choking and define it.
A person is un able to complete a task that they are well practiced at because focus has been switched to an internal focus.
Constant error is defined as?
The average of all of the scores for each subject
What are the 2 types of anticipation?
spatial anticipation
temporal anticipation
What is the cocktail effect?
You are able to effectively shut out the background noise but then are able to hear your own name. This is an example of parallel processing that occurs in the stimuls identification stage.
Name 2 limitations to closed looped systems
slow
tracking with more than 3 objects produces slow uncoordinated movements frequently
Describe the inverted U Principle
Increasing the arousal level generally enhances performance but only to a point in which performance quality diminishes.
The 3 key components to a performer are?
skill level, attention and control process
What are the 3 types of memory systems
short-term sensory store
short term memory
long term memory
Define Inattentional Blindness
We can miss seemingly obvious features in our environment when we are engaged in attentive visual search.
looks at the entire visual field
non-consciously
finer control of movements without our awareness
What type of motor skill is stored in Long term memory most easily?
continuous
What are the 3 elements critical to almost any skill?
1. perceptual and movement processing
2. decision making
3. movement output
What the 3 factors that influence decision making?
number of stimulus-response alternatives
stimulus response compatibility
amount of practice
The delay in responding to the second of two closely spaced stimuli is termed what?
Psychological refractory period (PRP)
What are the 5 main receptors associated with proprioception?
vestibular apparatus, joint receptors, muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, cutaneous receptors
M1= monosynaptic response from muscle to spinal cord back to same muscle
M2= muscle to higher level in the spinal cord and then can effect other muscles