Flaccid
and
Spastic
and
Spastic
Where is flaccid dysarthria localized?
Lower Motor Neuron
Where is ataxic dysarthria located?
Cerebellum
Where is hypokinetic dysarthria located?
Basal ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal)
Where is unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria localized?
Unilateral upper motor neuron
Mixed dysarthria has more than one localization. T/F
True
What are some resonance problems associated with spastic dysarthria?
Hypernasality is frequent.
What is the etiology of ataxic dysarthria?
Causes include degenerative diseases, stroke, trauma, tumors, alcohol toxicity, drug-induced neurotoxicity.
Where is hyperkinetic dysarthria located?
Basal ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal)
What is the etiology of unilateral motor neuron dysarthria?
Primary etiology is stroke, although it can also be caused by tumors and trauma.
Unknown etiology of multiple sclerosis causes demyelination in the central nervous system. T/F
True
What happens to muscles with flaccid dysarthria?
Muscles become hypotonic or flaccid
What are some phonation problems associated with ataxic dysarthria?
Phonation may be normal or there can also be loudness variations.
What disease is most commonly associated with hypokinetic dysarthria?
Parkinson’s Disease
What are some swallowing problems that occur during unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria?
Semisolid swallows and increased oral-stage durations for liquid.
What mixed dysarthria is most common?
Spastic-ataxic
What are some articulation problems associated with spastic dysarthria?
Imprecise consonant production and vowel distortion.
What articulation problems are associated with ataxic dysarthria?
There is generally trouble fine tuning speech and slurred speech.
What are some associated neurologic characteristics o hyperkinetic dysarthria?
Increased involuntary movement/tremors
What are some speech characteristics of unilateral motor neuron dysarthria?
Usually imprecise articulation, slowed rate & irregular articulatory breakdown, and reduced loudness & hypernasality.
What does ALS stand for?
Amyotrophical Lateral Sclerosis
What are some phonation problems associated with spastic dysarthria?
Voice is harsh (strained-strangled quality), an effortful grunt is often heard at the end of vocalizations, and excessively low pitch is frequently found.
What are some associated neurologic characteristics of ataxic dysarthria?
Equilibrium is affected and gait may be impaired, slow initiation of movement, and dysdiadochokinesia.
What are some oral musculature problems associated with hypokinetic dysarthria?
There is a slow rate of movement of the lips and tongue with some reduced range of movement.
Unilateral upper motor neuron is often moderate to severe. T/F
FALSE
Shy-Drager Syndrom is also called
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)