Show:
Motor Tracts
Dysarthria
Apraxia
Cerebral Palsy
Potpourri
100
This pathway consists of axons that course from the primary, premotor, and supplementary motor cortices of the frontal lobes directly down into the brain stem and spinal cord o synapse with lower motor neurons.
What is the direct activation pathway? (pyramidal track also ok)
100
The problems with movement secondary to dysarthria are due to this.
What is disruption or degeneration of an intact movement plan?
100
Acquired apraxia of speech is thought to be the result of damage to this area of the brain.
What is the inferior posterior left hemisphere?
100
This is the most common subtype of cerebral palsy.
What is spastic?
100
These disorders involves problems with the effective manufacture, refinement, transmission, AND execution of motor plans for speech.
What are motor speech disorders?
200
These synapse with upper motor neurons, exiting through the spinal cord to innervate the muscles of the body.
What are lower motor neurons? (final common pathway also ok)
200
This describes the articulation errors observed in an individual who only has dysarthria.
What is consistent and predictable?
200
The problems with motor plans due to apraxia are due to this.
What is the inability to plan the range, force, and/or timing of movement?
200
This type of cerebral palsy is also often called athetoid.
What is dyskinetic?
200
This treatment was developed originally to treat aphasia and pairs exaggerated prosody and melodies with the production of phonemes and words.
What is melodic intonation therapy?
300
This is an irregular, involuntary twitching of a muscle that can be visible just under the skin.
What is a fasciculation?
300
This would be used as part of a differential diagnosis with apraxia in order to determine whether impaired muscle strength, tone, and/or ROM is present.
What is an oral motor evaluation?
300
These types of utterances are often free of errors.
What are automatic or non-volitional utterances?
300
This type of speech intervention has no evidence to support its effectiveness and transfer to speech production.
What are non-speech oral exercises?
300
This treatment for apraxia of speech provides tactile kinesthetic cues (clinician places hand on client's face), in addition to visual and auditory cues (target is on card and said aloud), to elicit production of target phonemes or words.
What is PROMPT (Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets)?
400
Spasticity, resistance to passive movement, or primitive reflexes (e.g. Babinski sign) are clinical signs of what kind of nervous system damage?
What are bilateral upper motor neuron lesions?
400
This type of damage affects speech because the motor signal doesn't reach the muscle (paralysis) or is degraded (paresis), which can also lead to muscular atrophy.
What is lower motor neuron damage?
400
Many interventions pair non-speech activities with speech, with this concept that expects that initiation of one action (non-speech) primes and increases the likelihood of initiation of the other (speech).
What is gestural reorganization?
400
Trouble with chest wall movement or paradoxical movement patterns will affect this speech subsystem in the child with CP.
What is respiratory?
400
This motor pathway travels a far more indirect route between the primary motor cortices and the lower motor neurons, with many complicated connections with subcortical structures like the thalamus and basal ganglia.
What is the indirect activation pathway? (extrapyramidal track also ok)
500
Muscular rigidity, tremor, involuntary movement, or disturbed postural reflexes are clinical signs of damage to this pathway.
What is the indirect activation pathway? (extrapyramidal track also ok)
500
These are examples of maximum performance tasks, used to test a patient's maximum limit of ability and to compare the patient's greatest effort on a task with a known average performance rate of unimpaired individuals.
What are AMRs (alternating motion rates) or SMRs (sequential motion rates)?
500
This treatment uses the clients ability to produce one sound, then alters one aspect of the sound (like voicing) to aid the client in producing another sound.
What is phonetic derivation?
500
Many impairments secondary to CP affect more than speech, but are still within the SLP's scope of practice. Tongue thrust is an example that can affect both this and speech.
What is feeding/swallowing?
500
The first signs of this type of CP include persistence of primitive reflexes and/or flaccid muscle tone.
What is spastic CP?