Tracts and Matter
(Week 5)
(Week 5)
Does an upper motor neuron lesion indicate damage to gray or white matter?
Name three potential etiologies of spastic dysarthria.
CVA
Tumor
TBI
Are axons white or gray matter? Are neural cells white or gray matter?
Axons = white matter
Neural cells = gray matter
T/F: Individuals with mixed flaccid-spastic dysarthria are hypernasal.
While a disease of lower motor neurons weakens __________ _______, diseases of upper motor neurons weakens ________ ________.
LMN = individual muscles
UMN = movement patterns
In the corticobulbar tract, one axon travels
from the cortex to the _________.
brainstem
Do we see a neurological smile with unilateral or bilateral upper motor neuron damage?
Bilateral!
Will BoNT injections help individuals with spastic dysarthria improve their respiration or phonation?
Phonation!
Lou Gehrig's disease is a motor neuron disease involving degeneration of upper and lower neurons, located in the _______ ____ of the spinal cord.
ventral horn
Between clients with flaccid dysarthria and clients with bilateral spastic dysarthria, which are more likely to be cognitively intact?
Those with flaccid dysarthria
In the corticospinal tract, one axon travels
from the cortex to the ______ ______.
spinal nuclei
T/F: With spasticity, there is damage to both direct and indirect pathways.
True!
Will stretching exercises help individuals with spastic dysarthria improve their respiration or articulation?
Respiration! Stretching exercises are not used for articulation.
In individuals with mixed flaccid-spastic dysarthria, what is the most salient symptom when observing the chest during a motor assessment?
Difficulty taking a deep breath
While _______ dysarthria has underactive reflexes, _______ dysarthria has normal or overactive reflexes.
flaccid = underactive
spastic = normal/overactive
Impaired control of slow movements requires deliberate attention to: (list three)
Maintain posture
Maintain balance
Regulate tone
Name three global changes of bilateral spastic dysarthria.
Hypertonicity
Limited ROM
Movement pattern weakness (NOT individual muscles)
Reduced speed
Clonus
Which has a faster progression, ALS or PLS (primary lateral sclerosis)?
ALS
Name three characteristics/limitations of the lips, tongue, and jaw that may be noted in individuals with mixed flaccid-spastic dysarthria.
atrophy, fasciculations, decreased ROM
Between clients with flaccid dysarthria and clients with bilateral spastic dysarthria, which are more likely to demonstrate emotional liability?
Clients with bilateral spastic dysarthria
Name three things for which the limbic system is responsible.
Name two key characteristics of conversational speech that are affected by bilateral spastic dysarthria.
Short duration of vowels
Voiceless consonants become voiced
Atrophy and fasciculations are elements of ALS in the ____ stage.
late
With mixed flaccid-spastic dysarthria, do we see increased or decreased loudness?
Decreased loudness
Which presents with diplophonia, flaccid or spastic dysarthria?
Flaccid