Systems
Pyramidal system is a _______, _________system.
voluntary, direct
Where are UMN housed?
Motor Cortex
What is the roles on CN X for respiration?
VF abduction
Efferent neurons are _____;
afferent neurons are _______.
efferent = motor
afferent = sensory
Where does motor planning occur?
Premotor cortex (Broca's area and Insula)
**motor planning also occurs here
Extrapyramidal is a ________, __________ system.
involuntary, indirect
Where do the LMN live?
Brainstem (CN) and Spinal Cord (spinal nerves)
What is the roles of CN X for phonation?
VF adduction
How do neurons commnicate? (hint: answer is one word)
synapses!
Execution of movement occurs where?
Motor cortex and cranial nerves
The two pyramidal tracts include?
cortical-spinal and cortical-bulbar
What is decussation?
the point were the cross over happens
What is the role of CN X for resonance?
Velar elevation
The pyramidal tract is the pathway from the ________ surface to the _________ or the ______ ____.
It is divided into the _____________ tract and the _____________ tract.
cortical; brainstem; spinal cord
corticospinal; corticobulbar
Apraxia of speech os a disorder of which level(s)?
motor planning and programming
The two extrapyramidal circuits include?
cerebellar circuit and basal ganglia circuit
UMN damage superior to decussation results in?
contralateral spasticity
What is the role of CN V for articulation?
Jaw movement
The corticobulbar tract is crucial for ______ __________ due to its relationship to _______ ______.
speech production; cranial nerves
Dysarthria is a disorder of which level(s)?
Execution
Where do the cortical-bulbar and cortical-spinal tracts begin?
Motor cortex
LMN damage results in?
ipsilateral flaccidity
What is the role of CN VII for articulation?
Lip and Cheek movement
Name the cranial nerves most important for speech production.
trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal (5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12)
Selecting and sequencing the specific muscles required for a phoneme is which level?
Motor programming (3rd level)
-generating the idea and locating words=1st (linguistic-symbolic planning)
-knowing the voicing, place and manner for the phoneme=2nd (motor planning)
-activating the muscles to produce a phoneme=4th (execution)