Educators of the time period
Who created the four stages of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
The knowledge and abilities acquired by each student are assessed through an activity that challenges their understanding
Evaluation
What stage has the age range of 0-2 years old?
Who developed the concepts of zone of proximal development and scaffolding?
Lev Vygotsky
Promote knowledge construction in a way that makes it available for future use in relevant contexts
Explanation
What stage has the age range of 2-7 years old?
Preoperational
Who studied the mechanisms where early experience influences later behavior?
Joseph McVicker Hunt
Activities that require students to apply the concepts and procedures they have learned to solve new problems in new contexts
Elaboration
What stage has the age range of 7-11 years old?
Concrete operational
Who studied under Piaget and developed curriculum for arithmetic, reading, and writing?
Constance Kamii
Introduce a problem or event in a familiar context that students cannot explain with their current knowledge
Engagement
What stage has the age range of 11 years old and older?
Formal operational
Who focused on cognitive, perceptual, and social development in children and adolescents as well as the cause and effects of stress on children, adolescents, and families
David Elkind
Guided inquiry activity that provides opportunities for students to address alternative conceptions and build new explanations that make sense to them
Exploration
What happens during one of these stages?
Sensorimotor Birth to 18-24 months Object permanence
Preoperational 2 to 7 years old Symbolic thought
Concrete operational Ages 7 to 11 years Logical thought
Formal operational Adolescence to adulthood Scientific reasoning