India
Name the two major mountain ranges in India
Hindu Kush, Himalayas
What is the mandate of heaven?
- authority to rule comes from the gods/god
What is the economic system in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
Manorialism
What are the two sects of Christianity to develop during the Middle Ages?
Eastern Orthodox
What is a "reform?"
a change
What religion did the Mauryan Empire help spread?
Buddhism
What are two innovations from China during the Han Dynasty Golden Age?
-Silk, paper, compass, junk, rudder, gunpowder, crossbow, etc
What event marks the end of the Classical Era and the beginning of the Post-Classical Era?
-Fall of Rome 476 CE
What language is used by Catholic clergy?
What language is used by the Eastern Orthodox?
Latin
Greek
What does "secular" mean?
non-religious
Who was Ashoka? What Indian empire did he rule?
Mauryan
What is a civil service exam? How did they improve social mobility in China?
-test for government workers, allowed anyone to receive high positions in government based on merit and skill
What is a feudal contract? Explain
- an exchange of mutual obligations between a king/lord/knight (vassal) and serfs where land is given in the form of fiefs in exchange for protection, working the land, and raising armies.
What is papal supremacy? Which side of Europe adopted the idea of papal supremacy?
-power of the Pope to "make" kings, Western Europe
Describe a scenario where there was/is a power vacuum.
-when someone who has absolute power loses it and no one takes their place
Example) Fall of Rome in Western Europe
What was one innovation from the Gupta Golden Age?
- mathematics (0, trigonometry, negative #, decimal points)
- stepwells
- standardized money/currency
- metallurgy
Explain the relationship between the Dynastic Cycle and Mandate of Heaven in Chinese civilization
Dynasties lose the mandate of heaven when they stop being good/effective rulers. Gods show that a dynasty has lost the mandate through natural disasters like floods, drought, earthquakes, etc. Then a new dynasty rises up to take the place of the old.
-Catholic Church/Pope
-Monarchs (Kings, Queens)
-Nobility (lords, ladies, dukes, dutchesses)
-Knights
-Serfs
What are the 5 Relationships?
Ruler>Subject
Father>Son
Older Brother>Younger
Husband>Wife
Friend=Friend
What does it mean to be "decentralized?"
-power spread out among many different groups/people, no one central authority
What are the historical circumstance for the spread of Buddhism?
-King Ashoka sent out missionaries to spread the religion
-merchants/traders spread the religion along the Silk Roads and Indian Ocean Complex
What is Legalism? Which Chinese Emperor adopted legalism as their form of government?
- belief that people are naturally chaotic and dangerous, the only way to control them is with strict laws and harsh punishments
-Shi Huangdi (Qin)
What are two differences between Eastern and Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
-Religion (catholic vs orthodox)
-power of church (West= pope over kings, East= kings over patriarch)
-Economy (West is self sufficient, East relies heavily on trade)
-Political (West is decentralized, East is centralized under one ruler-- Byzantine Emperor)
What was Dictatus Papae?
- document stating the powers of the Pope in the Middle Ages
Explain manorialism. (Political or Economic?)
Economic system, life revolves around the "manor" or the lords home and surrounding lands. Manor was self sufficient, land worked by serfs who were bound to the land.