Pharm Basics
Peak
The lowest level of drug in the body in therapeutic monitoring.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
red rash on trunk, upper body and face; fever; chills but not an allergic reaction
Culture and sensitivity testing must be completed before ______.
Antibacterials (antibiotics) are administered
Antiviral drugs ____ the infection but may not ___ it.
manage, cure/eliminate
What is an MAR?
Medication administration record; a legal document
Antihistamines
block the effects of histamine on target tissues
Sodium bicarbonate is ____
an alkalinizing drug; treats metabolic acidosis
Pharmacokinetics
The study of what the body does to the drug.
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
Imidazoles and triazoles: ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole
Antifungals
Causes significant toxicities (ototoxic, nephro)
Aminoglycocides (-cin, -mycin)
Why eat yogurt/drink buttermilk if taking cephalexin (Keflex)?
Restore normal flora
The action of uricosuric drugs is ___
Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid, increasing excretion
What type of treatment are antihistamines?
Palliative
PTH, vitamin D, and pH 5-7
aid in absorption with oral calcium
Drug admin through this route results in 100% absorption?
Intravenous (IV) route
isoniazid (INH)*
First-line antitubercular drug
Tetracycline
Antibacterial of choice for MRSA
vancomycin
Tapered Doses
Discontinuation of glucocortocoids are gradually reduced and not abruptly stopped
2 types of antihistamines
traditional & non-sedating
NEVER give IV push
Potassium
The first-pass effect affects the _____ of a drug.
Absorption
acyclovir (Zovirax)
Used to suppress replication of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV
Cross allergy to the penicillins
cephalosporins
Antibacterial that interacts with NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, warfarin
penicillins
Drug Order Requirements
1.Date & time of order 2.Name of drug 3.Dosage 4.Route of administration 5.Time & frequency of administration 6.Special instructions 7.Signature/e-sign
Class: hydrocortisone, cortisone, and prednisone
glucocorticoids
Check DTRs
magnesium infusions
Antagonist
Drug binds to receptor; there is no response.
Black Box Warning: Birth defects and fetal deaths
Interferon
Fluroquinonolone black box warning
tendinitis and tendon rupture
amphotericin B
Drug of choice for the treatment of many severe systemic fungal infections.
When does medication reconciliation occur?
Should be done at each stage of health care delivery: Admission, Status change, Patient transfer within or between facilities/provider teams, Discharge
Clucocorticoids affect ___ body systems.
respiratory paralysis, cardiovascular collapse
Life threatening adverse effect of magnesium