Persia & the Greek Wars
This empire built the largest land empire the world had yet seen and later invaded Greece.
What is Persia?
This Greek ideal placed the good of the community above personal self-interest.
What is civic virtue?
This Greek polis built a military society because it ruled over a large population of helots
What is Sparta?
This Macedonian king reformed the army and brought the Greek city-states under his control.
Who is Philip II?
In 338 BCE, Philip and Alexander defeated the Greek coalition at this battle.
What is the Battle of Chaeronea?
This period followed the fall of the Mycenaeans, when population and trade declined in Greece.
What are the Greek Dark Ages?
These “best people” of early Greece were the wealthy elites who formed hereditary aristocracies.
Who are the Aristoi?
This polis became known for democracy, trade, and culture, in contrast to Sparta.
What is Athens?
After defeating the Greeks, Philip organized this league to unite them under Macedonian leadership.
What is the Corinthian League?
This battle in 333 BCE helped Alexander secure Persia’s western territories
What is the Battle of Issus?
These two famous poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, were eventually written down after centuries of oral tradition.
What are the Homeric Epics?
This form of rule referred to a man who seized power without legal right, often during political crisis.
What is tyranny?
Sparta led this alliance of Greek city-states, which later fought against Athens.
What is the Peloponnesian League?
This conqueror spread Greek culture across the Middle East during twelve years of campaigning.
Who is Alexander the Great?
This decisive battle opened the Persian heartland to Alexander’s forces.
What is the Battle of Gaugamela?
This Greek political unit was a city-state made up of a city and its surrounding lands.
What is the polis?
This Athenian reformer canceled debts, ended debt slavery, and had laws posted publicly.
Who is Solon?
This northern Greek kingdom was home to Philip II and Alexander the Great.
What is Macedonia?
Alexander destroyed this Greek city after it rebelled against Macedonian rule.
What is Thebes?
This general took Egypt and founded the dynasty that ruled there after Alexander’s death.
Who is Ptolemy?
In 490 BCE, Athenian hoplites defeated a Persian force at this battle near Athens.
What is the Battle of Marathon?
This reformer expanded political participation in Athens and helped create the first true democracy.
Who is Cleisthenes?
This household-based social unit was central to early Greek life.
What is the oikos?
This Egyptian city became a major center of learning and held Alexander’s tomb.
What is Alexandria?
This general founded the largest of Alexander’s successor kingdoms.
Who is Seleucus?