Carolingians & Empire
Dynasty that replaced the Merovingians and expanded Frankish power.
What was the Carolingian dynasty?
Emperor who rebuilt Constantinople and sought to restore Roman glory.
Who was Justinian?
City where Muhammad was born.
What is Mecca?
King whose legal reforms strengthened royal courts and angered Becket.
Who was Henry II?
Mounted warrior code emphasizing bravery, loyalty, and honor.
What was chivalry?
Son of Charlemagne whose weak rule led to civil war.
Who was Louis the Pious?
Justinian’s massive legal project organizing centuries of Roman law.
What was the Codification of Roman Law?
City to which Muhammad fled in 622.
What is Medina?
Vast collection of lands held by Henry II and his heirs across France and England.
What was the Angevin Empire?
Competitive events where knights practiced combat skills.
What were tournaments?
Agreement that permanently divided the Carolingian Empire in 843.
What was the Treaty of Verdun?
Empire centered in Constantinople that preserved Roman traditions.
What was the Byzantine Empire?
Term for Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina.
What is the Hegira?
German dynasty whose rulers clashed with the papacy.
Who were the Salian kings?
Long Christian effort to retake Iberia from Muslim rule.
What was the Reconquista?
Early medieval dynasty that ruled the Franks before the Carolingians.
What was the Merovingian dynasty?
Religious controversy that weakened the empire by dividing believers.
What was iconoclasm?
Five core religious duties required of all Muslims.
What are the Pillars of Islam?
Holy Roman Emperor who drowned on the Third Crusade.
Who was Frederick Barbarossa?
System organizing rural estates under a lord’s authority.
What was the manorial system?
Viking raiders whose attacks reshaped early medieval Europe.
Who were the Vikings?
Monument symbolizing imperial power and Orthodox faith.
What is the Hagia Sophia?
Religion founded in the 7th century that rapidly expanded across the Middle East.
What is Islam?
Holy Roman Emperor who battled the papacy and ruled Sicily.
Who was Frederick II?
Social structure based on landholding and layered obligations.
What was feudalism?