Early Middle Ages
What are narrow, long arms of the sea between high cliffs
Fjords!
What is feudalism?
The societal structure where goods and services are provided by vassals and peasants in exchange for protection and land from their ruling lords and nobles.
Who won the Battle of Hastings in 1066 c.e. and became the first Norman King of England?
William the Conqueror!
What was the way of thinking that combined faith and reason?
Scholasticism!
What is a plague?
A quickly spreading disease that kills many people.
Who was the first Germanic Ruler to accept Christianity?
King Clovis!
What was the code of honor that knights lived by?
Chivalry!
Which legal document ensured that all people had to obey the common law, even the Kings?
The Magna Carta!
Who was a medieval scholar/friar and the greatest Scholastic thinker?
Thomas Aquinas!
What is another name for the Bubonic Plague?
The Black Death!
Which Germanic King expanded the territory to France, Northern Spain, Italy, and Germany, and then was crowned the Emperor of the Romans by the pope?
Charlemagne!
What was a vassal?
A person in feudalism who offered military service to a noble or lord in exchange for land.
Pope Urban II
What were the local languages spoken by people of the different European regions called?
Vernacular Languages! (English, French, Italian, Spanish, and German)
What effects did the Black Death have on the Economy?
Trade decreased, while wages sharply rose!
Who were the seafaring warriors who ventured south from Scandinavia to pillage and conquer?
The Vikings!
What is a fief?
The property/land given to a vassal.
What goal were Europeans attempting to achieve by beginning the Crusades?
They wanted to regain control of the Holy Land from the Turks
What was a belief that contradicted the beliefs of the Catholic Church called?
Heresy!!
What was the Great Schism?
The deep division within the church when 3 different church leaders attempted to assume leadership as the rightful pope.
What was the role of monks and nuns in early medieval society?
To provide medical care, and teach carpentry, farming, weaving, reading/writing, preserve greek/roman knowledge, and take care of the monastery!
What was the role of craftsmen guilds within feudalism?
To regulate the quality of goods and products in a town, as well as, to set the prices of those goods and services within the town. Guilds also decided who was allowed to join the trade as an apprentice.
What types of ideas, culture, technology, and goods were brought to Europe during the Crusades?
Byzantine and Muslim!
What was the mistreatment of and hostility toward Jewish people called?
Anti-semitism
What was the Reconquista?
The struggle through which Christians overthrew Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula, and established the kingdom of Spain.