Vocabulary
What is the NAACP?
Civil rights organization formed to advance justice for African Americans.
When and where did Christopher Columbus land when he reached the Americas?
On October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus made landfall in what is now the Bahamas.
Describe Trench Warfare?
Land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches.
What was the Great Depression?
The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s.
What caused the United States to enter World War II?
The bombing of Pearl Harbor.
What is a Muckracker?
Journalists and novelists of the Progressive Era who sought to expose corruption.
Why did European settlers increase their demand for enslaved Africans?
Europeans imported African slaves partly for demographic reasons. As a result of epidemic diseases, which reduced the native population by 50 to 90 percent, the labor supply was insufficient to meet demand.
What new weapons and technology made fighting in World War I deadlier than fighting in previous wars?
Machine guns, Air warfare, Tanks, and Radio communications
What triggered the beginning of the Great Depression?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What is the governmental policy of Isolationism?
National policy of avoiding political or economic entanglements with other countries.
How was the northern economy different from the southern economy during the 17th century?
The northern economy relied on manufacturing and the agricultural southern economy depended on the production of cotton. The desire of southerners for unpaid workers to pick the valuable cotton strengthened their need for slavery.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
A peace treaty signed on June 28th, 1919, by Germany and the Allied Nations that formally ended World War One.
What is Court Packing? How did Franklin D. Roosevelt plan to use Court Packing?
Adding more justices to the Supreme Court. FDR's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court with supporters to keep his New Deal programs from being declared unconstitutional.
What was Executive Order 9066?
The authorization of the mass internment of Japanese Americans during World War 2 signed by FDR.
What was the Manhattan Project?
Code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II.
Why did Britain have to turn to the colonies' resources for extra finances? What happened as a result?
England's Seven Years' War (1756–1763) and its counterpart waged in America, the French and Indian War (1754–1763), doubled Britain's national debt. In order to recoup some of the losses Britain incurred defending its American colonies, Parliament decided for the first time to tax the colonists directly.
The American Revolution and eventually the creation of the United States.
What were the main parts of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany will (a) pay financial reparations, (b) disarm military, (c) lose territory gained during war, and (d) give up all of its overseas colonies.
What were the three main categories of the programs and actions of Roosevelt's New Deal?
Relief for the unemployed and for the poor
Recovery of the economy back to normal levels
Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression
What factors influenced the decision of whether to use the atomic bomb? When and where was the atomic bomb used?
Aug 6, 1945 – Aug 9, 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What does it mean for a government policy to be Laissez Faire?
Meaning “allow to do,” it is a policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society.
What caused the South to secede from the United States? What happen as a result?
The Issue of Slavery and the Election of Abraham Lincoln
The Civil War, which led to the North winning and slowly allowing southern states to rejoin the United States.
List and Explain the Causes of World War I
Militarism --> Policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war.
Alliance --> Agreements between nations to aid and protect one another.
Nationalism --> Pride in or devotion to one's country
Imperialism --> When one country takes over another country economically and politically.
Assassination --> Murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
How did what happened to farmers during the 1920s foreshadow events of the Great Depression? Explain how this rippled through the economy.
During the 1920s, farmers faced decreased demand for their products and lower crop prices. Those who were in debt could not repay loans, and rural banks failed. This pattern repeated itself in other sectors of the economy during the Depression.
What were the main arguments for and against dropping the atomic bomb on Japan?
Supporters of the bombings generally believe that they prevented an invasion of the Japanese mainland, saving more lives than they took by doing so. Opponents contend, among other arguments, that the bombings were unnecessary to win the war or that they constituted a war crime or genocide.