Life Science
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth
Mitosis
When a offspring over rides the recessive offspring
Dominant
a type of reproduction that occurs when a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself
Asexual Reproduction
the process where two parents combine their genetic material to produce offspring with a unique mix of traits
Sexual Reproduction
one of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a given genomic location
Allele
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Gene
the process by which organisms adjust their behavior, physiology, or structure to become better suited to their environment
Adaptation
a specific, distinguishable characteristic of an organism, often passed down from parents to offspring through genes
Trait
a thread-like structure found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, composed of DNA and proteins
Chromosome
a diagram used in genetics to visually represent and predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross
Punnett Square
containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
Diploid
a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells
Meiosis
an individual having two different alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous
having two identical alleles (versions) of a gene
Homozygous
the relationship between an observed trait and the two inherited versions of a gene related to that trait That is overided by a dominant trait
Recessive
a visual representation of family history, typically a chart or diagram, that shows the inheritance of traits or diseases across generations
Pedigree
the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell into two distinct cells, typically following the division of the cell's nucleus during mitosis or meiosis
Cytokinesis
any change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genetic material, including changes at the level of a single nucleotide base or larger chromosomal rearrangements
Mutation
a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
Haploid
an organism's unique genetic makeup, encompassing its complete set of genes and the specific alleles (variants) it carries at particular locations (loci) within its DNA
Genotype
an evolutionary process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms
Artificial Selection
fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)
Zygote
the observable characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) and the environment.
Phenotype
neither allele for a trait is fully dominant, resulting in a blending of traits in the offspring's phenotype
Incomplete Dominance
one allele (the dominant allele) completely masks the effect of another allele (the recessive allele) in a heterozygous individual
Complete Dominance