Mr. Nick's Genetics Review

DNA

100

This "twisted ladder" shape describes DNA’s physical structure.

Double Helix

200

In eukaryotic cells, the vast majority of DNA is housed within this membrane-bound organelle.

Nucleus 

300

This word is used to describe the process of DNA molecules making more copies of themselves

Replication

400

In DNA base pairing, Cytosine always bonds with this nitrogenous base.

Guanine (G)

500

The long sequence of A, T, C, & G that codes for a protein is called what?

Gene

Proteins

100

Proteins are made up of building blocks called?

Amino acids

200

The shape of a protein dictiates its ________

Function

300

List 3 types of proteins in the body

Hormones, Enzymes, Antibodies, Muscles/Strucrual, Actin, myosin, dystrophin, PAH,receptors, etc.

400

The unique shape of proteins is determined by the sequence amino acids. What determines the sequence of amino acids?

DNA, Gene, ATCG

500

Name one way in which the shape of a protein can be altered

Gene mutation, teperature, pH

Protein Synthesis

100

This process, where DNA is copied into mRNA, occurs in the nucleus.

Transcription

200

This process, where mRNA is used as the template to build proteins.

Translation 

300

This cell organelle is the physical site where proteins are assembled.

Ribosome

400

This 3-base sequence on an mRNA molecule codes for one amino acid.

Codon

500

Name one type of Mutation that could affect the result of protein synthesis

Substitution, Deletion, and Insertion 

Inheritance

100

An organism with two different alleles for a trait (like Tt) is called this.

Heterozygous

200

This tool is used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes.

Punnett Square

300

Because they only possess one X chromosome, this biological group is significantly more likely to express recessive disorders like color blindness or hemophilia.

Males

400

This type of cell division is how the gametes are made.

Meiosis

500

Explain in mathamatical terms how the zygote is formed through the process of fertilization in humans.

23+23=46

More Inheritance

100

An organism with two different alleles for a trait (like Tt) is called this.

Homozygous

200

This type of inheritance results in a "blend," such as a red and white flower making pink.

Incomplete Dominance

300

This type of inheritance results in an equal expression, such as having AB blood type

Codominance

400

This thing can cause two genetically identical offspring to have different phenotypes.

Environmental conditions

500

What is the probability that 2 Heterozygous purple flowers will produce white offspring?

25%