CARDIOLOGY
NEUROLOGY
General IM
Pulm/CC
DERM
100
Treatment for uncomplicated type B aortic dissection
What is medical therapy?
BB followed by nitroprusside
100
What to order next for for "worst headache of my life with normal CT head
What is LP?
-Order LP when high suspicion of SAH. LP would show xanthochromia
100
Initial management for BPPV?
Epley maneuver.
BPPV - Dx with Dix-Hallpike maneuver; nystagmus lasts usually < 1 minute and distinguishes with repeated trials. Most common cause o f vertigo attributed to debris usually in posterior semicircular canal.
100
Ratio and cut off value used to Dx COPD?
What is FEV1/FVC ratio; < 70%
-FEV1 is. used to characterize degree of obstruction; 50-80% is moderately reduced. 34-50% is severely reduced. <34% is very severely reduced.
100
What is this?
What is actinic keratosis?
200
Stroke prevention therapy after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in pt with CHA2DS2VASC of 4?
What is warfarin/NOAC?
200
Cognitive state between normal aging and dementia?
What is mild cognitive impairment?
-Characterized by decline in cognitive functioning greater than what is. expected with normal aging, but has not resulted in significant functional disability. Normal aging may be associated with memory loss but cognitive testing remains within the normal range.
200
Indications for DEXA scan?
What is age >65 years old or younger women with FRAX >/= 9.3%
200
What is STOP-BANG?
Name the mnemonic.
What is Snoring, Tired, Observed apnea, Pressure (high blood pressure), BMI > 35, Age >50, Neck size >17M, 16F, Gender (Male)
For 3+ "yes questions"< high risk for OSA.
200
Diagnosis associated with this physical exam finding?
Also - worse in sun, out of shower, or when drinking hot. coffee.
What is rosacea?
300
Indicated test for asymptomatic systolic grade 3/6 or higher, late or holosystolic murmur?
What is TTE?
300
Diagnose this
What is meningioma?
-Associated with intense homogeneous contrast enhancement, areas of calcification, and a dural tail.
-If small and asymptomatic without evidence of invasion of other intracranial structures and without surrounding edema; these are usually followed clinically or radiography; first follow scan should be 3-6 mo after identification.
300
Intervention for preventing pressure ulcers in older at risk patients?
What is foam mattress overlay?
- Have been shown to reduce risk of pressure ulcers in at risk patients compared to standard hospital mattresses.
- Frequent repositioning is also used. No good evidence to support repositioning alone as pressure ulcer prevention tool.
300
Indications for lung cancer screening?
What is 55-80yo, current smoker or quit in last 15 years, with 30 pack year smoking history?
300
What is this; in a patient with poor dentition?
What is "black hairy tongue"/"lung villosa nigra"
Treatment is with aggressive oral hygiene and tongue rushing.
400
Most common structural disorder following tetralogy of Falot repair
What is pulmonary regurgitation?
400
Treatment after traumatic spinal cord injury?
What is high-dose methylprednisolone, within 8 hrs of trauma?
= High-dose methylprednisolone administered within 8 hours of a traumatic spinal cord injury has been shown to improve motor function recovery.
= Give prior to diagnostic imaging.
400
When to discontinue breast cancer screening?
Life expectancy < 10 years.
-Studies show potential benefit in breast cancer screening in women 75 yo or older only if life expectancy exceeds 10 years.
400
Lung cancer associated with antibodies against pre-synaptic calcium channels?
What is small cell lung cancer?
Most commonly associated with Lambert-Eaton syndrome; Most commonly radiographically presented as hilar mass with bulky mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
400
Treatment for this?
What is erythromycin or clindamycin lotion?
Dx is pitted keratolysis; superficial bacterial infection presenting with small. indented pits on background of hyperkeratosis resulting from perspiration of feet. Treat with erythromycin/clindamycin lotion and keeping foot dry.
500
Vaccine indicated for secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease
What is influenza vaccine?
500
Diagnosis associated with progressive loss of language function with relative sparing of other cognitive domains early on
What is primary progressive aphasia?
-Most commonly associated with frontotemproal dementia but also may be a manifestation of Alzheimer disease.
-Occupational therapy for speech and language is used to teach patient and family compensatory strategies to improve communication.
500
Treatment for this? Sx: Aural fullness , hearing.
What is Clinical observation?
Dx is otitis media with effusion; most cases resolve spontaneously. Usually occurs following URI or with exacerbation of seasonal allergies.
500
Treatment of severe hypothermia with hemodynamic instability?
What is extracorporeal support, including cardiopulmonary bypass?
These methods maximize rewarming rate and can provide hemodynamic support.
For mild to moderate hypothermia, passive and active external rewarming are used. For severe hypothermia with no hemodynamic instability, active internal warming is used (warmed IV fluids or intraperitoneal and pleural irrigation).
500
What diagnosis is associated with this physical exam finding?
What is acne keloidalis nuchae?
Acne keloidalis nuchae is characterized by firm, skin-colored, pink, or hyperpigmented papules that are often centered on hair follicles and appear most frequently on the back of the neck in people of color. Most likely due to ingrown hair and are more frequent in persons of color with curly hair owing to the shape of the hair and hair follicle. Therapy aims to minimize inflammation and secondary infection, flatten scars, and alter damage done by hairs. Topical and oral antibiotics, glucocorticoids (topical or intralesional), changes in shaving habits, and laser hair removal can be utilized, often in combination.