Carbohydrates
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?
To provide energy
What is the primary function of protein in the body?
Build, maintain and repair body tissues.
What is the primary function of fats in the body?
To provide energy, store energy, and support cell structure.
Keep us warm, protect organs, create hormones will also be accepted.
Which vitamin is crucial for the absorption of calcium and bone health?
Vitamin D
Which dietary disorder gives you sore poo's and is linked to constipation?
Diverticular Disease
What are the three monosaccharide's?
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Name one animal-based and one plant-based source of protein.
Animal – chicken, eggs, fish; Plant – lentils, tofu, beans.
What are the two main types of fats found in food?
Saturated and Unsaturated fats
Name one food source that is rich in Vitamin C.
Citrus fruits (e.g., oranges, lemons), strawberries, bell peppers.
What dietary disorder occurs when the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels properly, often linked to lifestyle and genetic factors?
Type 2 Diabetes
Give one food example of a simple carbohydrate and one of a complex carbohydrate.
Simple – lollies or fruit; Complex – whole grains or brown rice.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
Amino Acids (Polypeptide Chains).
What is the difference between a monounsaturated fat and a polyunsaturated fat?
Monounsaturated fats have one double bond in their fatty acid chain (e.g., olive oil), while polyunsaturated fats have multiple double bonds (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids found in fish).
What mineral is essential for carrying oxygen in the blood?
Iron
What is hypertension, and what is a primary lifestyle factors that can contribute to its development?
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. A lifestyle factors contributing to hypertension is a lack of physical activity (which weakens the heart and leads to increased blood pressure).
What happens when excess carbohydrates are consumed and not used for energy?
They are stored as glycogen and then fat in the body.
What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins?
Complete proteins contain all of the essential amino acids; incomplete proteins only have some.
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
A glycerol backbone with three fatty acids attached to it.
What mineral is typically fortified into commonly consumed foods to help brain development?
Folate
What is Osteoporosis, and which two nutrients are most important in preventing it?
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium and vitamin D
Describe the role of dietary fibre (a type of carbohydrate) and explain why it is important for digestive health.
Fibre helps regulate bowel movements, prevents constipation, and supports gut health dragging water into the stool.
Trypsin breaks down the casein protein in the human body. Trypsin is an enzyme. Explain how the active site of an enzyme works with casein, and what happens when it is denatured.
The active site is the region of an enzyme where substrates bind and undergo a chemical reaction. Denaturation alters the enzyme’s shape, causing it to lose its ability to bind to substrates and perform its function (due to changes in temperature, pH, or other environmental factors).
Explain how trans fats are created and why they are harmful to health.
Trans fats are created through an industrial process called hydrogenation (adding hydrogen). They raise bad cholesterol (LDL) levels.
What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins? And what are the 2 water soluble vitamins, we have focussed on?
Fat Soluble: A, D, E, K
Water Soluble: B family and C
Explain the process of atherosclerosis and how it can lead to cardiovascular disease. What are two lifestyle changes that can help reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty plaques in the walls of arteries, leading to narrowing and reduced blood flow. Over time, these plaques can rupture, causing blood clots that may block blood vessels, leading to heart attack or stroke. Two lifestyle changes to reduce risk: 1) Adopting a heart-healthy diet (low in saturated fats and cholesterol), and 2) Regular physical activity to maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.