Earth's Spheres
Give me an example of something you can find in the hydrosphere
lakes, oceans, rivers, streams, water
How do cells obtain energy to function?
From extracting energy from food
Which heat transfer process moves warm air upward and colder air downward, creating convection currents in the atmosphere?
Convection
What is the smallest level in the hierarchical organization of living things?
Atom
Which pair of body systems primarily work together to deliver oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide from the body?
Respiratory and circulatory
Give me an example of something the Cryosphere includes
Ice, snow, glaciers, ice caps
What is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell called?
Cytoplasm
Why does land usually heat up faster than water during the day?
Land has a lower specific heat
Which level of organization consists of similar cells working together?
Tissues
Which of the following best describes a major function of the immune system?
A) Break down food into nutrients for absorption
B) Pump blood to tissues and organs
C) Recognize and defend the body against pathogens
D) Produce hormones that regulate growth and metabolism
C) Recognize and defend the body against pathogens
Which of the following is an example of an interaction between the hydrosphere and atmosphere?
A. Plants releasing oxygen
B. Volcanic eruptions
C. Evaporation of ocean water
D. Soil erosion
C. Evaporation of ocean water
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Control what enters and exits the cell
Which of the following is the best example of conduction in Earth’s systems?
A) Warm air rising over a hot parking lot and cool air moving in from over a lake.
B) Heat from the Sun warming the Earth through empty space.
C) Heat moving from warm ground to cooler air molecules that touch the surface.
D) Ocean currents transporting heat from the equator to the poles.
C) Heat moving from warm ground to cooler air molecules that touch the surface.
What level of organization comes after tissues in the hierarchy?
Organs
A patient has a bacterial infection that is successfully treated with antibiotics. Which statement explains why antibiotics work in this case but would not work against a viral infection?
A) Antibiotics strengthen the immune system so viruses cannot enter cells.
B) Antibiotics target features of bacterial cells (like cell walls or protein synthesis) that viruses do not have.
C) Antibiotics increase body temperature to kill viruses.
D) Antibiotics prevent parasites from reproducing, which also stops viruses.
B) Antibiotics target features of bacterial cells (like cell walls or protein synthesis) that viruses do not have.
Which Earth system includes soil, rocks, and mountains?
Geosphere
Which organelle is responsible for storing water and other materials in the cell?
Vacuole
How does uneven heating of Earth by the Sun contribute to global wind patterns?
Uneven heating causes warm air to rise at the equator and cool air to sink at the poles, creating pressure differences and wind belts.
What level of classification describes the sum of all the other levels working together?
Organism
Which infectious agent uses spores for reproduction?
Fungus
Which Earth sphere interaction is responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
Geosphere and hydrosphere
Which structure gives plant cells their rigid shape?
Cell wall
Which statement about nighttime cooling is correct?
A) Water cools faster than land, so coastal areas become colder than inland areas after sunset.
B) Land and water cool at the same rate because they both receive the same amount of solar energy.
C) Land cools faster than water because water has higher specific heat and mixing, so coastal areas often stay warmer at night.
D) Air temperature over land and water is only affected by convection, not by the specific heat of the surfaces.
C) Land cools faster than water because water has higher specific heat and mixing, so coastal areas often stay warmer at night.
Which sequence correctly shows the hierarchical organization from smallest to largest?
Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ→ Organ system → Organism
How do the excretory and circulatory systems interact to help maintain homeostasis?
The circulatory system transports metabolic wastes to excretory organs (kidneys) for removal, helping keep internal conditions stable.