Mr.Finny UNIT 4: Greece Pt.1

Minoans

100

What did Minoans do in their free time?

Loved sports - wrestling, boxing, and bull jumping - religious influences?

200

What was religion like for the Minoans?

• Polytheistic? - fertility goddesses

• Major influence in Greek culture

300

How did the Minoans decline?

Decline…?

• Volcano eruption → tsunami?

• Mycenaeans?
  
  

400

Where were the Minoans located, who was the King, and what did the government look like?

Island of Crete with Knossos as its capital; King Minos; centralized government

500

What were the Minoans like, how did they communicate, and how were women treated?

• Powerful seafaring people who dominated trade in the Mediterranean

  • Egyptian, Mesopotamian influences in architecture, writing, government

• Undecipherable language- Linear A
• High status for women

Mycenaeans

100

What were art and architecture like?

• Minoan-influenced architecture

• Great wealth: gold jewelry

200

What were the Mycenaeans like?

Warrior People: Raiders/pirates, mercenaries, conquerors(Crete), traders and merchants (Minoan Influence)

300

What caused the Mycenaeans to decline?

End of Mycenaeans - migration of northern Greeks (Dorians)? civil war?

400

What did trade look like for the Mycenaeans?

• Trade - Mediterranean, Egypt, Italy

  • Ships, wheat

  • Spread of Mycenaean pottery

500

What did their civilization look like?

• Indo-European, migrated to Greece

• Indo-European based language, Linear B - early form of Greek

  • Mainly for data keeping, not political secession or religion

• City-States with citadels: fortified palace centers on hills, civilians live outside the walls

  • Monarchies

Sparta

100

What was social structure like in Sparta?

• Spartiates

  • Military professionals

• Perioeci

  • Non-citizen freemen

• Helots

  • Peasant workers

200

What were the main Spartan values?

• Physical fitness

• Discouraged personal expression

• Discouraged wealth, luxury, and materialism

  • Currency: iron 

• Service to the polis above all else 

• Gender Equality (relative to Athens or other classical civilizations)

300

What was the lifestyle like in Sparta?

• Boys began military training and living full-time at a military barracks at age 7

  • Known as the Agoge

  • They learn basic reading and writing 

  • At age 30 they could marry and settle down but remained in military service until 60 

• Girls began reading, writing, gymnastics, athletics, and survival skills at age 7 as well but did NOT reside at the barracks

  • Owned property

400

What was Spartan early history like?

• 725 B.C. conquered Messina

  • Conquered people became helots and their primary job was farming.

• 650 B.C. Helot revolt

• Lycurgus established military-orientated reform in Sparta

500

What was Spartan government like?

• Hereditary Monarchy

• Oligarchy made up of powerful individuals (elders, advisors, landowners)

• Society’s and Government’s goal was to develop a strong military

• Helots provided agricultural goods and labor

• Two kings

• Five “ephors”
      Overseers

• Council “apella”
      Judges
      Proposed laws

• Assembly
  
  
  
  

Athens

100

What were Athenian values?

• Leave something behind, leave a meaningful life

• Intellectual pursuits, wisdom, curiosity, imagination 

• Mind and body perfection

• Civic responsibility 

• Cultural superiority 

• Trade 

200

What were Athenian gender roles like?

Men:

• Wealthy males could begin school at age 5

• Studied logic, ethics, public speaking, philosophy, reading, writing

• Gymnastics and athletics to be physical fit 

• Involved in government 

• Landowning men held most power

Women:

• No formal schooling allowed

• Not allowed to participate in athletics

• Domestic education

  • Maintaining the home

  • Sewing and spinning 

• Expectation for childcare and marriage

• Limited public access outside the house for many women  

• No involvement in government 

300

What did education look like in Athens?

• Males:

  • Wealthy males

    • Begin at 5

    • End - dependent on wealth

  • Broader education

  • Older boys

    • Logic, philosophy, ethics, public speaking

    • Military school

  • Athletics each day

• Females:

  • No formal schooling

  • Domestic education by female household members

400

What was the Athenian government like?

• Emerges out of the Dark Ages as a monarchy

• Quickly changes to an oligarchy/aristocracy around 700 B.C.

• Tyrants take over and Athens has a Tyranny off and on for a long time.

• Democracy takes control.

• MOAT-D

500

What was Athenian social structure like?

Freeman:

• All male citizens

• Divided into classes

  • Aristocrats (estate owners)

  • Middle ranks (farmers)

  • Thetes - lowest class (craftsmen)

Metics:

• Outsiders

• Not allowed to own land

• Could run industries and businesses

Slaves:

• Lowest class with no rights 

• Could be debtors, prisoners of war, bought from other societies

• Lowest slaves: miners

• Some were given important roles in Athens, like policemen

Women:

• No rights

Dorian Dark Age

100

What happened during the Dorian Dark Ages?

• Everything decreased:

  • food production 

  • population 

  • writing 

  • art 

  • trade

200

What works were written during the Dorian Dark Age?

• Homer relayed the epic poems, the lliad and the Odyssey

  • possibly composed by many authors

  • reveals life in Dark Ages

  • Focused on the Trojan War

    • Trojan War (1250 BC) - Greek city-states unite to fight the city of Troy - Trojan Prince Paris abducted Helen, the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta

300

What did society look like during the Dark Ages?

• Dorians settled in Peloponnesus

• Weak Kings ruled small territories with aristocratic councils (clans)

• 800 BCE iron replaced bronze, rise of poleis (city states), adopted Phoenician alphabet - end of Dark Ages