Minoans
Mycenaeans
Sparta
Athens
Dorian Dark Age
100

What did Minoans do in their free time?

Loved sports - wrestling, boxing, and bull jumping - religious influences?

100

What were art and architecture like?

  • Minoan-influenced architecture

  • Great wealth: gold jewelry

100

What was social structure like in Sparta?

  • Spartiates

    • Military professionals

  • Perioeci

    • Non-citizen freemen

  • Helots

    • Peasant workers

100

What were Athenian values?

  • Leave something behind, leave a meaningful life

  • Intellectual pursuits, wisdom, curiosity, imagination 

  • Mind and body perfection

  • Civic responsibility 

  • Cultural superiority 

  • Trade 

100

What happened during the Dorian Dark Ages?

  • Everything decreased:

    • food production 

    • population 

    • writing 

    • art 

    • trade

200

What was religion like for the Minoans?

  • Polytheistic? - fertility goddesses

  • Major influence in Greek culture

200

What were the Mycenaeans like?

Warrior People: Raiders/pirates, mercenaries, conquerors(Crete), traders and merchants (Minoan Influence)

200

What were the main Spartan values?

  • Physical fitness

  • Discouraged personal expression

  • Discouraged wealth, luxury, and materialism

    • Currency: iron 

  • Service to the polis above all else 

  • Gender Equality (relative to Athens or other classical civilizations)

200

What were Athenian gender roles like?

Men:

  • Wealthy males could begin school at age 5

  • Studied logic, ethics, public speaking, philosophy, reading, writing

  • Gymnastics and athletics to be physical fit 

  • Involved in government 

  • Landowning men held most power

Women:

  • No formal schooling allowed

  • Not allowed to participate in athletics

  • Domestic education

    • Maintaining the home

    • Sewing and spinning 

  • Expectation for childcare and marriage

  • Limited public access outside the house for many women  

  • No involvement in government 


200

What works were written during the Dorian Dark Age?

  • Homer relayed the epic poems, the lliad and the Odyssey

    • possibly composed by many authors

    • reveals life in Dark Ages

    • Focused on the Trojan War

      • Trojan War (1250 BC) - Greek city-states unite to fight the city of Troy - Trojan Prince Paris abducted Helen, the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta

300

How did the Minoans decline?

Decline…?

  • Volcano eruption → tsunami?

  • Mycenaeans?

300

What caused the Mycenaeans to decline?

End of Mycenaeans - migration of northern Greeks (Dorians)? civil war?

300

What was the lifestyle like in Sparta?

  • Boys began military training and living full-time at a military barracks at age 7

    • Known as the Agoge

    • They learn basic reading and writing 

    • At age 30 they could marry and settle down but remained in military service until 60 

  • Girls began reading, writing, gymnastics, athletics, and survival skills at age 7 as well but did NOT reside at the barracks

    • Owned property

300

What did education look like in Athens?

  • Males:

    • Wealthy males

      • Begin at 5

      • End - dependent on wealth

    • Broader education

    • Older boys

      • Logic, philosophy, ethics, public speaking

      • Military school

    • Athletics each day

  • Females:

    • No formal schooling

    • Domestic education by female household members

300

What did society look like during the Dark Ages?

  • Dorians settled in Peloponnesus

  • Weak Kings ruled small territories with aristocratic councils (clans)

  • 800 BCE iron replaced bronze, rise of poleis (city states), adopted Phoenician alphabet - end of Dark Ages

400

Where were the Minoans located, who was the King, and what did the government look like?

Island of Crete with Knossos as its capital; King Minos; centralized government

400

What did trade look like for the Mycenaeans?

  • Trade - Mediterranean, Egypt, Italy

    • Ships, wheat

    • Spread of Mycenaean pottery

400

What was Spartan early history like?

  • 725 B.C. conquered Messina

    • Conquered people became helots and their primary job was farming.

  • 650 B.C. Helot revolt

  • Lycurgus established military-orientated reform in Sparta

400

What was the Athenian government like?

  • Emerges out of the Dark Ages as a monarchy

  • Quickly changes to an oligarchy/aristocracy around 700 B.C.

  • Tyrants take over and Athens has a Tyranny off and on for a long time.

  • Democracy takes control.

  • MOAT-D

500

What were the Minoans like, how did they communicate, and how were women treated?

  • Powerful seafaring people who dominated trade in the Mediterranean

    • Egyptian, Mesopotamian influences in architecture, writing, government

  • Undecipherable language- Linear A
  • High status for women
500

What did their civilization look like?

  • Indo-European, migrated to Greece

  • Indo-European based language, Linear B - early form of Greek

    • Mainly for data keeping, not political secession or religion

  • City-States with citadels: fortified palace centers on hills, civilians live outside the walls

    • Monarchies

500

What was Spartan government like?

  • Hereditary Monarchy

  • Oligarchy made up of powerful individuals (elders, advisors, landowners)

  • Society’s and Government’s goal was to develop a strong military

  • Helots provided agricultural goods and labor

  • Two kings

  • Five “ephors”
        Overseers

  • Council “apella”
        Judges
        Proposed laws

  • Assembly



500

What was Athenian social structure like?

Freeman:

  • All male citizens

  • Divided into classes

    • Aristocrats (estate owners)

    • Middle ranks (farmers)

    • Thetes - lowest class (craftsmen)

Metics:

  • Outsiders

  • Not allowed to own land

  • Could run industries and businesses

Slaves:

  • Lowest class with no rights 

  • Could be debtors, prisoners of war, bought from other societies

  • Lowest slaves: miners

  • Some were given important roles in Athens, like policemen

Women:

  • No rights