What did Minoans do in their free time?
Loved sports - wrestling, boxing, and bull jumping - religious influences?
What were art and architecture like?
Minoan-influenced architecture
Great wealth: gold jewelry
What was social structure like in Sparta?
Spartiates
Military professionals
Perioeci
Non-citizen freemen
Helots
Peasant workers
What were Athenian values?
Leave something behind, leave a meaningful life
Intellectual pursuits, wisdom, curiosity, imagination
Mind and body perfection
Civic responsibility
Cultural superiority
Trade
What happened during the Dorian Dark Ages?
Everything decreased:
food production
population
writing
art
trade
What was religion like for the Minoans?
Polytheistic? - fertility goddesses
Major influence in Greek culture
What were the Mycenaeans like?
Warrior People: Raiders/pirates, mercenaries, conquerors(Crete), traders and merchants (Minoan Influence)
What were the main Spartan values?
Physical fitness
Discouraged personal expression
Discouraged wealth, luxury, and materialism
Currency: iron
Service to the polis above all else
Gender Equality (relative to Athens or other classical civilizations)
What were Athenian gender roles like?
Men:
Wealthy males could begin school at age 5
Studied logic, ethics, public speaking, philosophy, reading, writing
Gymnastics and athletics to be physical fit
Involved in government
Landowning men held most power
Women:
No formal schooling allowed
Not allowed to participate in athletics
Domestic education
Maintaining the home
Sewing and spinning
Expectation for childcare and marriage
Limited public access outside the house for many women
No involvement in government
What works were written during the Dorian Dark Age?
Homer relayed the epic poems, the lliad and the Odyssey
possibly composed by many authors
reveals life in Dark Ages
Focused on the Trojan War
Trojan War (1250 BC) - Greek city-states unite to fight the city of Troy - Trojan Prince Paris abducted Helen, the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta
How did the Minoans decline?
Decline…?
Volcano eruption → tsunami?
Mycenaeans?
What caused the Mycenaeans to decline?
End of Mycenaeans - migration of northern Greeks (Dorians)? civil war?
What was the lifestyle like in Sparta?
Boys began military training and living full-time at a military barracks at age 7
Known as the Agoge
They learn basic reading and writing
At age 30 they could marry and settle down but remained in military service until 60
Girls began reading, writing, gymnastics, athletics, and survival skills at age 7 as well but did NOT reside at the barracks
Owned property
What did education look like in Athens?
Males:
Wealthy males
Begin at 5
End - dependent on wealth
Broader education
Older boys
Logic, philosophy, ethics, public speaking
Military school
Athletics each day
Females:
No formal schooling
Domestic education by female household members
What did society look like during the Dark Ages?
Dorians settled in Peloponnesus
Weak Kings ruled small territories with aristocratic councils (clans)
800 BCE iron replaced bronze, rise of poleis (city states), adopted Phoenician alphabet - end of Dark Ages
Where were the Minoans located, who was the King, and what did the government look like?
Island of Crete with Knossos as its capital; King Minos; centralized government
What did trade look like for the Mycenaeans?
Trade - Mediterranean, Egypt, Italy
Ships, wheat
Spread of Mycenaean pottery
What was Spartan early history like?
725 B.C. conquered Messina
Conquered people became helots and their primary job was farming.
650 B.C. Helot revolt
Lycurgus established military-orientated reform in Sparta
What was the Athenian government like?
Emerges out of the Dark Ages as a monarchy
Quickly changes to an oligarchy/aristocracy around 700 B.C.
Tyrants take over and Athens has a Tyranny off and on for a long time.
Democracy takes control.
MOAT-D
What were the Minoans like, how did they communicate, and how were women treated?
Powerful seafaring people who dominated trade in the Mediterranean
Egyptian, Mesopotamian influences in architecture, writing, government
What did their civilization look like?
Indo-European, migrated to Greece
Indo-European based language, Linear B - early form of Greek
Mainly for data keeping, not political secession or religion
City-States with citadels: fortified palace centers on hills, civilians live outside the walls
Monarchies
What was Spartan government like?
Hereditary Monarchy
Oligarchy made up of powerful individuals (elders, advisors, landowners)
Society’s and Government’s goal was to develop a strong military
Helots provided agricultural goods and labor
Two kings
Five “ephors”
Overseers
Council “apella”
Judges
Proposed laws
Assembly
What was Athenian social structure like?
Freeman:
All male citizens
Divided into classes
Aristocrats (estate owners)
Middle ranks (farmers)
Thetes - lowest class (craftsmen)
Metics:
Outsiders
Not allowed to own land
Could run industries and businesses
Slaves:
Lowest class with no rights
Could be debtors, prisoners of war, bought from other societies
Lowest slaves: miners
Some were given important roles in Athens, like policemen
Women:
No rights