Creation and Administration
What type of mRNA do scientists make to produce target proteins?
Synthetic mRNA
Name the pandemic that mRNA technology was most utilized against.
What is COVID-19?
What can be produced faster, mRNA vaccines or traditional vaccines?
mRNA vaccines
Can inserted mRNA affect a cell's genome or DNA?
No, mRNA does not enter the nucleus.
Shorthand for organisms whos genetic makeup were altered.
What are GMOs?
Name the process used to create synthetic mRNA in a buffered solution.
In vitro transcription
Name the type of mRNA-based treatment used for those with genetic disorders or protein deficiencies?
Protein Replacement Therapy (PRT)
Why are mRNA vaccines safer than traditional ones?
They do not contain a live or even weakened virus.
Why does mRNA need repeat doses?
What is "Effects are only temporary"
What physically results from inserting a human gene into a bacterium so the bacterium can produce a human protein?
What is recombinant DNA?
What happens to mRNA after it is used to produce proteins?
It degrades naturally
Name one of the potential targeted diseases for personalized cancer vaccines through mRNA technology.
What is melanoma or pancreatic cancer?
Why do mRNA vaccines sometimes wear off faster?
mRNA broken down by cells quickly, therefore antigen exposure is brief and protein production is temporary
What must a developing mRNA treatment go through before it is authorized for widespread use?
Animal trials, Clinical Trials
This model organism is used heavily in biotech experiments.
What is E. coli?
Name the vehicle used to transport synthetic mRNA into the cytoplasm of cells.
Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs)
Which of the new mRNA treatments have received authorization from the FDA?
None except COVID-19 vaccines like Pfizer and Moderna
Why are mRNA vaccines faster to produce than traditional live virus vaccines?
mRNA chemically synthesized in a solution, while live virus vaccines are grown in a cell culture
What factors make global access to mRNA vaccines difficult?
Expensive new tech and ultra-cold storage required
This everyday food is an example of traditional biotechnology
What is yogurt?
Name the 4 nucleosides used in the production of synthetic mRNA from a DNA template.
Adenosine Triphosphate, Guanosine Triphosphate, Cytidine Triphosphate, Uridine Triphosphate
How can immune cells be trained to fight a specific type of cancer?
mRNA coding for tumor-specific proteins is given to dendritic cells, which produce the proteins and train the immune system
What were the first mRNA vaccines to be authorized for human use?
Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines
What year was synthetic mRNA engineered to avoid immune rejection?
2005
Changing embryos and fetus's genetic makeup to eliminate bad genetic diseases and tailor them to the liking of the parents.
What are designer babies?