Cancer
What are the four categories of cancer, and which is the most serious?
Stage 1-4. Stage 4 is the most severe.
What happens during Anaphase?
The genetic material is pulled by spindle fibers to the poles of the cell.
What happens during G1?
The cell grows!
What is a centromere?
A centromere is the "dot" at the crossing point of a chromosome that holds the two identical chromosomes together. The spindle fibers attach here.
What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can become several different types of cell.
What does the G1 checkpoint do?
Checks to make sure the cell is healthy, and that the existing DNA is correct and complete.
What happens during Metaphase?
All chromosomes line up in the middle, and the spindle fibers attach in preparation for Anaphase.
What happens during G2 phase?
The cell grows! The "G" stands for grow!
What is a centriole?
A centriole is an organelle that creates spindle fibers. They come in pairs, and hang out at the poles of the cell during cell division.
What are the two types of stem cells currently available to science?
Adult and embryonic
What does the G2 checkpoint do?
Makes sure the cell is healthy, and also that BOTH sets of DNA are complete and correct.
What two phases have a nuclear membrane present?
Prophase - it is dissolving
Telophase - they reappear as the cells prepare to divide.
What happens during S phase?
S stands for Synthesis.
During S phase, the cell synthesizes an extra set of DNA in preparation to divide.
What is chromatin?
Genetic material that is loosely coiled. It supercoils into a chromosome.
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
What is the definition of cancer?
Inappropriate or uncontrolled division of cells
Name all stages of Mitosis in the correct order.
What is Interphase?
Interphase is the part of the cell cycle that comprises G1, S, and G2. It is most of the cell cycle.
What is a cellular membrane?
The phospholipid bilayer that creates a barrier for the cell to the outside world.
What's the difference between a plant and animal cell?
Animal cells are drawn as circles. Plant cells are drawn as squares.
Plant cells have a cell wall. Animal cells do not.
What does "metastasize" mean?
Cancer spreading throughout the body to find nutrients.
Is Interphase considered a part of Mitosis?
Nope! Interphase is everything BUT mitosis in the cell cycle.
What are sister chromatids?
Opposite sides of the 'X' - genetically identical. They are then pulled apart into identical daughter cells during telophase/cytokinesis.
What is cytokinesis? Which phase of Mitosis does this happen during?
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
ONLY during mitosis!