DNA Structure
DNA Replication
Mitosis
Enzymes
Review
100
How many strands do DNA have and what are the 4 different bases?
100
What direction is DNA replication ALWAYS made in?
5 to 3
100
What are the 3 phases of the Cell Cycle? (Not referring to the 4 steps of the 2nd phase)
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
100
What suffix do enzymes end in?
"ase"
100
Which organelle is DNA stored in?
nucleus
200
What is the repeating subunit(monomer) called of DNA? Your DNA has millions of these on both sides
Nucleotide!
200
What is the first step in DNA replication?
Unwinding/opening/unzipping the double helix DNA via DNA Helicase
200
Packaged DNA is called what? unpackaged DNA is called what?
chromosomes; chromatin
200
Which enzyme opens up the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds of the bases in the middle?
Helicase
200
What suffix do sugars end in? Can you give an example?
'ose'
examples: glucose, fructose, lactose, deoxyribose
300
What are the bonds that hold the bases in the middle together?
Hydrogen bonds
300
What is the 2nd and 3rd step of DNA replication?
Step 2 is adding primers via DNA Primase so DNA replication can know where to start.
Step 3: DNA polymerase starts building the other half of the DNA by adding complementary bases to the open old strand
300
What happens during interphase?
300
Which enzyme adds primers?
Primase
300
What are the 3 steps of Cellular Respiration?
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. ETC (Electron Transport Chain)
400
What are the 3 parts of the nucleotide?
Deoxyribose (Sugar), Phosphate, and Nitrogenous Base
400
DNA is made semiconservatively, what does that mean?
DNA replication is semiconservative. Each strand in the double helix acts as a template(old) for synthesis of a new, complementary strand. One old and one new strands
400
What are the 4 phases of mitosis? Which out of the 4 is when the chromosomes line up in the middle?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
400
Which enzyme synthesizes/builds the new complementary new strand?
DNA Polymerase III
400
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes don't have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
500
What do we mean when we say DNA is antiparallel?
the nucleotides in the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions. One strand runs in a 5’→3’ direction, while the other runs in a 3’→ 5’ direction
500
Explain the process of making the leading and lagging strand
Leading strand is made in a continuous direction, the direction of which the DNA is unzipping. Synthesis of the leading strand is always made 5 to 3.
Lagging strand is made in fragments in the opposite direction of which the DNA is unzipping, called Okazaki fragments. Synthesis is always made 5 to 3 as well.
500
Which enzyme glues the gaps and remaining Okazaki fragments or broken pieces?
Ligase
500
What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration? (what goes in and out of the process)
Glucose +Oxygen→ Carbon dioxide+ water+energy
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP