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Main Idea
PASS
Literary Terms/ Rhetoric Toolbox
Parts of Speech
Quote Sandwich
100
What is plot?
The events of a story.
100
What is a bias?
A strong opinion (usually negative) based on a number of personal factors.
100
What is a simile?
A simile is a comparison using "like" or "as"
100
What is an adjective?
A word that describes a noun?
100
When do you use a quote sandwich?
You use a quote sandwich when you need to include evidence in a paragraph, using a direct quote.
200
What is theme?
A general message about a story that is true of other texts. It is similar to moral because themes normally try to teach a lesson or share wisdom.
200
What could an author change to match an audience?
Vocabulary, tone, content, etc.
200
What is a counterclaim?
A counterclaim is when an author/ speaker includes information that states the opposite of her/his argument, so that s/he can later refute (provide reasons against) it.
200
What is a preposition?
A word that shows the relationship (or position) or one word, with relation to another.
200
What are the three parts to a quote sandwich?
Top: Context (Background information/ 5 W's); Middle: Quote (includes phrase like "According to the author" and an appropriately cited page number); Bottom: RTQ and answer to the question being asked and analysis/ explanation of the quote.
300
If a question asks you what the main idea of a text is, how should you answer?
The main idea of the text is... . The provide supporting details (evidence) from the text proving how that is the main idea.
300
What does PASS stand for, and what do each of the letters mean?
Purpose (why someone writes something); Audience (who the piece is written for); Self (the author); Subject (what the text is about)
300
What does abstract mean?
Abstract things cannot be experienced by one of the five senses. They usually are a feeling or an idea. Example: love, hate, freedom, understanding, passion, empathy, concern, happiness, friendship, faith
300
What is an adverb?
A word that describes a verb.
300
Come to the board and demonstrate how you would write the sentence for the middle piece of this quote sandwich. Quote: To be great is to be misunderstood. Page number: 97. Author: Ralph Waldo Emerson.
According to Ralph Waldo Emerson, "To be great is to be misunderstood" (97).
400
Read the main idea. Identify three pieces of information that could be used as supporting details for the main idea. Main idea: The time spent in school should be shorter.
Answers will vary. Kids need more rest. Colleges get longer breaks, so middle/high school should too. The school day is too long. Buildings don't have air conditioning in the hot summer.
400
How would Ms. Olson's biases change the way she would write an essay about the importance of leisure reading, as compared to how you would write the same essay?
Ms. Olson is older, she's an English teacher, she went to college, she frequently reads in her free time, she's read research on the importance of outside reading, she sees a difference in her students' grades for those who read voluntarily. A student might say they don't have time to read, reading is too slow, reading is too hard, they read enough already, it is easier to watch a movie because s/he experiences those things everyday.
400
What is parallel structure?
Parallel structure is a technique used by an author that uses similar text structure at the beginning of clauses. In other words, it is when an author repeats the same words, or the same types of words, to start off a sentence or multiple parts of a sentence. For example: Jamie was running, Sally was jumping, and Tommy was swimming.
400
Read the following sentence. Ms. Olson is eager to get this final over with. What part of speech is the word "eager"?
Adjective
400
What would be an appropriate bottom piece for this quote sandwich for the question "What effect does Lewis Carroll's language have in the poem 'The Jabberwocky'?" ? In the poem "The Jabberwocky" Lewis Carroll includes various nonsense words to create a playful and mystical tale. In the poem, the main character, a young boy in a mysterious land, must face a terrible monster: the Jabberwock. Even though Carroll uses many nontraditional words, the reader can still understand the poem's meaning. For example, at the end of the poem, after the boy has slain the beast, it reads "O fabjous day! Callooh! Callay! He chortled in his joy!"
Lewis Carroll's language has a very unique effect. By using silly words, he helps the reader to understand that the tone is playful, instead of serious. In this line, Carroll's main character is celebrating. This joyous end matches the fun and playful tone demonstrated by his nonsense words.
500
Read the following paragraph. Identify the main idea, supporting details, and analysis sentences.
1. Students should not have to take so many tests. 2. Testing is exhausting and wears students out. 3. The more tests students take, the more frustrated and tired they become, so they end up doing worse. 4. Students can get distracted or burnt out if they are doing multiple tests in a day or week. 5. Also, tests aren't a good way to show how much students know. 6. Some students are poor test takers; even if they completely understand the information, they may bomb the test. 7. Other factors lead to a student's score, that don't really have anything to do with how much a student knows, like if they are slow readers, if they are poor writers, if they have bad handwriting, or if they screw up the numbers on their answer sheets. 8. The more we test kids, it seems like the worse they do, but some of their performance isn't their fault. 9. Students are just tested too much.
500
Read the following statement and identify what bias the author has and what factors might lead to a person making such a comment. The government should keep strict laws in place to limit what access people have to guns and ammunition because guns are dangerous and kill people.
This person is biased in favor of gun control. Someone with a belief like this might know someone who is a victim of gun violence, might teach a gun safety course, might be nervous about mass shootings, might think guns are okay if the person who owns them is responsible.
500
What is pathos and why does an author use it?
Pathos is an emotional appeal to the reader. Authors include pathos when they want the reader to be persuaded based on her/his feelings or when they want the reader to experience empathy for the situation in the text.
500
Write a sentence that correctly uses an adverb.
As soon as the bell rang on the last day of school, Ms. Olson ran quickly to her car and drove away. Quickly is the adverb.
500
Write a quote sandwich for the following information: How did Buck transform into a primitive animal? Quote: Buck was beaten, but he was not broken. Page: 14.
Answers may vary. Must include Top, Middle, Bottom with appropriate punctuation and analysis of the quote.