Metabolic reactions
Define metabolism
What is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism?
True or False: Enzyme reactions are reversible
True
True or false: enzyme reactions happen very slowly
False
The two main factors that affect enzymes.
What are pH and temperature?
The use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product
What is bioprocessing?
It is the primary source of energy for all life
What is sunlight / sun energy?
The biomolecule all enzymes are made of
The substance with which an enzyme reacts
What is a substrate?
Enzymes are more sensitive to changes in this factor.
pH
Everyday products made using enzymes (name 2)
What are Antibiotics / Vaccines / Soft Drinks / Cheeses / Perfumes / Vitamins / Sugar syrups / Amino acids
Energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules
What is cellular energy?
Enzyme definition
What are organic catalysts (speed up reactions without being used up in the reaction)
The location in which all enzyme reactions take place
What is the active site?
An enzyme which has lost its shape and can no longer carry out it’s function
What is denaturation?
Two advantages of immobilised enzymes
1. Immobilised enzymes can be easily recovered from the product
2. you can get a pure sample of product easily without losing any of it or any of the enzymes
3. Enzymes frequently become more stable when immobilised
4. Efficiency of enzyme is not affected
5. Immobilised enzymes can be reused (saves expenses / cost effefctive)
The main molecule which stores energy in living things
What is glucose?
Shape of enzymes
What is folded, 3D globular shaped?
What is enzyme specificity?
Each enzyme will react with only one substrate.
What is optimum temperature / pH?
Immobilised enzymes
What are enzymes that are attached, or fixed, to each other, or to an inert (unreactive) material?
Reactions that release energy by breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
What are catabolic reactions?
Enzymes are named after the substrate they react with - replacing the "ose" with "ase". This is the enzyme that breaks down Lactose.
What is lactase?
How does the induced fit model work?
The active site is induced to change shape slightly by the substrate combining with the enzyme to form the enzyme-substrate complex
The bonds in the substrate are altered so that it changes into the product(s).
The products leave the active site, which returns to its original shape ready to start again!
The pH at which catalase functions best
What is pH 9?
The substance used most commonly used to create a gel for immobilising enzymes
Sodium alginate