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A measure of the amount of matter in a substance compared to its volume
Density
The forces that exist between molecules, which explain properties like elasticity, surface tension, and viscosity
Intermolecular forces
The intermolecular force of attraction between molecules within the same substance
Cohesion
The amount of force pushing on a given area.
Pressure
What is STP
Standard temperature and pressure
4 Methods of Crystallization
Cooling molten solids
Subliming solids
Solvent allowed to evaporate
Placing a seed crystal in a saturated solution
The ability of a substance to stretch and then return to its original shape
Elasticity
What causes crystals to form a definite shape ?
The arrangement and bonding of the particles (their atoms or ions).
surface tension
The skin-like property of a liquid surface resulting from intermolecular forces which cause it to contracto the smallest possible area.
What is melting
When particles of a solid (like ice) are heated and change state into a ___________.
Consists of metal atoms held together by metallic bonding.
Giant Metallic Lattice
Adhesion
The intermolecular force of attraction between molecules within different substances
Molecular lattice
Crystal Lattices held together by weak intermolecular forces.
Condensation
Condensation happens when the particles in a gas cool off enough to become a liquid at room temperature and under normal pressure.
freezing
The particles of a liquid cool down, turning the liquid into solid.
4 types of crystal lattice structures
Giant Ionic Lattice
Giant Metallic Lattice
Molecular Lattice
Giant Atomic - covalent bonding
The measure of a substance’s ability to conduct heat or electricity.
Conductivity
A measure of the heat that a substance contains.
Temperature
What is an ideal gas
It behaves in an “ideal way.” Its molecules have no volume, do not attract each other, move rapidly in straight lines, and lose no energy when they collide.
3 states of matter on earth and if they have fixed volume or definite shape.
A solid: has definite shape and volume
A liquid: Has fixed volume but no definite shape
A gas: Has no fixed volume or shape
The splitting of a crystal along a certain plane
Cleavage
The regular arrangement of repeating patterns of atoms, molecules, or ions in a solid structure.
Lattices
Boyle's Law
At constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure. (The volume decreases as the pressure increases.)
Charles' Law
At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature on the absolute temperature scale. (The gas expands as the temperature increases.)
Avogadro's Law
Equal volumes of gasses at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.