Vocab
Truman Doctrine
U.S. policy to support nations resisting communism (Greece, Turkey)
Supranational Alliance Examples, why were they created
NATO: military cooperation
UN: diplomatic and humanitarian goals
Promoted cooperation, reduced individual sovereignty
Who controlled the East and who controlled the West parts of Berlin and what ideologies did they follow?
USSR East Communist and USA, UK, France West Democratic/capitalist
Explain the Arms Race & Space Race Rivalry
Constant buildup of nuclear weapons
Showed technological superiority
Massive spending, mutual fear
What are Non-Aligned Movement Goals
Stay independent from U.S./USSR
Focus on peace, development
Avoid being drawn into Cold War conflicts
Veto
Power of permanent UN Security Council members to block actions.
Why was the Warsaw Pact Created
USSR’s response to NATO
United Eastern Bloc militaries
Deepened ideological division in Europe
What was the Significance of the Berlin Wall?
Stopped East Germans from fleeing to West
Symbol of communist oppression
Fall = collapse of Eastern Bloc
Division of world order
Sputnik Significance (1957)
First man-made satellite
U.S. feared Soviet tech advantage
Led to increased U.S. investment in STEM
How did the Marshall Plan & Truman Doctrine relate to containment
Marshall Plan: economic aid to stop communism in Europe
Truman Doctrine: direct support to anti-communist regimes
Iron Curtain
Imaginary line dividing communist Eastern Europe from democratic West.
Describe the formation of NATO (1949), why did it happen?
Collective defense against USSR
Based on democratic, Western values
Heightened East-West Cold War tensions
Causes of Berlin Wall Fall (1989)
Mass protests in East Germany
Weakening Soviet control
Reform movements and global pressure
Moon Landing Symbolism (1969)
U.S. won the Space Race
Demonstrated American innovation
Boosted national pride, Cold War propaganda
Marshall Plan
U.S. economic aid to rebuild Western Europe and stop spread of communism
What is the Purpose of the UN Peacekeeping
Prevent another world war
Promote diplomacy, cooperation
Peacekeeping missions in conflicts (e.g., Congo, Cyprus)
Significance of Berlin Wall Fall
Reunified Germany
End of Cold War division
Collapse of communist regimes
Space Race Definition
U.S. vs. USSR technological race
Show of ideological and scientific power
Included satellites, manned missions
Glasnost
Gorbachev’s policy of openness and transparency
Name two of the main organs of the UN and three specialized agencies
ORGANS: General Assembly , Security Council , International Court of Justice (ICJ) , Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
Specialized agencies:
World Health Organization (WHO) – Global health.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) – Education, culture, and science.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) – Financial stability and economic cooperation.
World Bank Group – Development and poverty reduction.
International Labour Organization (ILO) – Labor standards and rights.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – Hunger and agriculture.