Statistics
The number of patients misdiagnosed with MS who actually have adult onset leukodystrophy (AOL)
What is 2-4%?
Leukodystrophies refer to
What is hereditary disorders primarily affecting the central nervous system white matter?
The most common misdiagnoses of Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP).
What are MS and Frontotemporal Dementia?
the difference in recovery between MS and AOL.
What is non complete or near-complete recovery?
What do most leukodystrophies not have that is a hallmark of MS (lab value).
What are CSF Oligoclonal bands?
The mean diagnostic delay for patients with AOL who are initially diagnosed with MS.
What is 9 years?
What is categorized according to the predominantly affected cell: oligodendrogliopathies, astrocytopathies, microgliopathies, leukovasculopathies, and disorders of the glia-axonal interface.
AOL with optic nerve involvement (1 of 6)
What is Leber Hereditary optic Neuropathy, Krabbe disease, Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Adrenoleukodystrophy, vanishing white matter disease, POLG-related disorders?
The distinguishing factor between ALSP and MS.
What is psychiatric or cognitive involvement at onset?
the neurological manifestation of many mitochondrial disorders that MS rarely has.
What are seizures?
The fraction of patients unnecessarily treated with IV steroids for MS who actually had AOL.
What is 1/2?
Differential Diagnosis for AOL (2 things).
What is Demyelinating disease (MS) or acquired vasculopathies (cerebral small vessel disease)?
AOLs with Progressive Spacticity that are commonly misdiagnosed for MS.
What is Adult polyglucosan body disease, Adult-onset autosomal dominant Leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease?
The distinguishing factor of Adult Polyglucosan body disease from MS.
What is autonomic dysfunction at onset; peripheral neuropathy; or cognitive dysfunction?
The "stepping stone" appearance on sagittal sequences are indicitive of what in ALSP?
What are intraparenchymal calcifications?
The fraction of people treated with first-line MS-specific disease-modifying therapy that actually had AOL.
What is 1/4?
Neurogenetic disease that can particularly coexist with MS
What are mitochondrial diseases?
The presenting symptom in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL).
What is Migraine?
What differs radiologically in CADASIL from MS?
What is temporal pole and external capsule involvement.
The brain structure with the most atrophy disproportionately to the global brain level atrophy in Adult polyglucosan body disease.
What is diffuse corpus callosum atrophy?
Percentage of patients treated with a second-line MS-specific Disease-modifying therapy who actually had AOL?
What is 8%
The genetic inheritance pattern of ALSP.
What is incomplete penetrance?
The AOLS (that are also mitochondrial disorders) that can have abrupt onset and deterioration following stressful conditions (heatwaves, head trauma, fever).
What are Adrenoleukodystrophy, vanishing white matter disease, and genetic leukovasculopathies?
The radiological difference between MS and X-adrenoleukodystrophy (cerebral form).
What is posterior predominance?
The radiological process in vanishing white matter disease that can help differentiate from MS.
What is White Matter Rarefaction?