DNA
This is the shape of DNA.
What is double helix?
This is a process by which a cell copies or duplicates its DNA.
What is Replication?
The 4 nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule include....
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil?
The process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand.
What is transcription?
In what organelle is mRNA read and the protein synthesized?
What is " the ribosome?"
Protein Synthesis actually begins in the _______________ when DNA transcribes into ___________.
Which mutation swaps one (or more) nucleotide with another?
substitution
A sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base make up a_______.
What is a nucleotide?
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
Sequence/order of nucleotides
True or False
DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids
True
The site where mRNA is created from the DNA sequence that will code for a specific trait.
What is the "nucleus?"
This type of RNA transfers the appropriate amino acid.
What is tRNA?
What is transcription.
insertion
The 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule include...
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine?
Adenine pairs with ___________
Guanine pairs with ____________
What is thymine?
What is cytosine?
Name the three different types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Provide the missing information
DNA: CTA
mRNA:
What is..
mRNA: GAU
These three nitrogen bases are complimentary to the mRNA codons during translation.
What is the "anticodon."
The copy created from transcription is ______________.
What is mRNA?
Which type of mutation removes one (or more) nucleotides?
deletion
This is the bond that connects nitrogenous bases of DNA in the rungs of the ladder.
What are hydrogen bonds?
This enzyme is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides during replication. It unzips the DNA.
What is helicase?
This type of RNA is found in ribosomes.
What is rRNA?
DNA: CAT-GTA-CCG. What is the complementary mRNA strand from the DNA sequence?
What is RNA: GUA-CAU-GGC?
A group of three bases on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid is called a ________
What is a "codon?"
mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to this organelle.
What is the ribosome?
Which mutation results when a segment of a chromosome is copied?
duplication
What is a direct result of an error in Transcription of a DNA nucleotide?
A codon sequence is incorrect?
What determines the function of a protein?
Its shape.
It takes place on Ribosomes in the cytoplasm. What is the process?
Translation
Ribosomes read the mRNA strand _____ codon at a time. Each codon is made of ______ nitrogen bases.
What is "1 and 3"?
The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome
What is mRNA?
Due to the base-pairing rule, what percent of cytosine would be present if there is 30% guanine?
What is 30%
Which type of cells would pass on mutations to offspring?
*Gametes, sperm, egg* cells
This is the sugar found in DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
By the processes of transcription and translation the genetic code of a cell passes from--
________ to ________ to ________
DNA to RNA to protein
True or False:
Each codon is linked to only ONE amino acid
TRUE
The sequence of bases on mRNA that indicates the beginning of the protein building instructions?
What is the START codon?
What Enzyme is used to cut a DNA molecule at a specific sequence of nucleotides in Genetic Engineering?
What is Restriction Enzyme?
tRNA brings the correct _____________________ back to the ribosome.
What is amino acid.
A _______ in the sequence of the nucleotides is usually caused by insertion or deletion.
frameshift
Why are bacterial plasmids (DNA) used?
bacterial cells reproduce rapidly
During the formation of new strands of DNA, this enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing strand.
What is DNA Polymerase?
An RNA strand is AUG-CUA-CCG. What would be the resulting tRNA anticodons?
WHAT IS UAC-GAU-GGC?
A ribosome will continue to create a protein until it encounters a ____.
What is a "Stop Codon."
This enzyme binds to the promotor site on the DNA strands and adds the complimentary bases to form the mRNA strand.
What is RNA polymerase?
This nucleic acid can be found inside and outside of the nucleus.
What is RNA?
What is the greatest source of genetic variability in living things?
mutations
This term describes the nitrogen bases that are single-ringed structures.
What are pyrimidines?
What is significant about the nitrogenous bases on the DNA strand?
The ORDER of the nitrogenous bases determine the order of amino acids on the protein.
List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule.
DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar
DNA has the genetic code; RNA uses DNA to carry the message.
DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus
The secondary process of protein synthesis in which mRNA is used to produce proteins is known as ______.
What is translation?
9 amino acids
A long chain of amino acids makes up a ______________.
What is protein?
A transformed plasmid is most correctly termed...
recombinant DNA (rDNA)