Quran & Its Sciences
This term refers to the study of the context and historical circumstances behind specific Quranic revelations.
What is Asbāb al-Nuzūl (Reasons of Revelation)
Along with Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, this text is regarded as the other most authentic Hadith collection.
What is Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim?
This lesser pilgrimage to Makkah, which can be performed any time of the year, is known as _____.
What is ʿUmrah?
This term refers to the four rightly guided caliphs who led the Muslim community after the Prophet’s death.
What is al-Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn?
Often called the “Father of Algebra,” this 9th-century mathematician’s works introduced the term “algebra” (al-jabr) to Europe.
Who is al-Khwārizmī?
The study and rules governing proper pronunciation and articulation of Quranic letters.
What is Tajwīd?
This battle took place in the 5th year after the Hijrah, in which the Muslims defended Madinah by digging a trench.
What is the Battle of the Trench (Ghazwa al-Khandaq)?
Muslims break their fast at sunset, often by eating dates, in a meal referred to by this term.
What is Iftār?
This decisive 636 CE battle opened the Levant (Shām) to Muslim rule against the Byzantine Empire.
What is the Battle of Yarmūk?
this 9th/10th-century Persian physician wrote “The Comprehensive Book on Medicine” and was the first to distinguish smallpox from measles.
Who is al-Rāzī (Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi)?
Commonly called the “Heart of the Quran,” this Surah is often recited for spiritual benefits and ease.
What is Sūrat Yā Sīn?
This pivotal treaty was signed between the Muslims of Madinah and the Quraysh of Makkah in 6 AH, paving the way for eventual peaceful expansion.
What is the Treaty of Ḥudaybiyyah?
The minimal threshold of wealth at which a Muslim becomes liable to pay Zakāt is called this.
What is the Niṣāb?
The first civil war in Islamic history occurred during the caliphate of this fourth caliph.
Who is ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib?
A famous polymath who wrote on medicine, botany, and poetry, he is often called “the father of early modern surgery.”
Who is Al-Zahrāwī (Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi)?
The only Surah in the Quran that does not begin with “Bismillāhir Raḥmānir Raḥīm.”
What is Sūrat al-Tawbah (also called Sūrat al-Barā’ah)?
This early historian authored one of the most influential works on Sīrah, known as Sīrat Rasūl Allāh.
Who is Ibn Isḥāq (later edited by Ibn Hishām)?
In Fiqh, these are actions considered neither sinful nor rewarded—essentially neutral in the Shariah classification.
What is Mubāḥ (permissible/neutral)?
Name the city founded in 762 CE by the Abbasid Caliph al-Manṣūr, which became a center of learning.
What is Baghdad?
This 8th-century jurist founded a Sunni school of law and is known for his focus on Ḥadīth in deriving rulings.
Who is Imām Mālik ibn Anas?
This lengthy Surah is traditionally said to have been revealed all at once (rather than in stages), making it unique.
What is Sūrat al-Anʿām?
marked a time when the Prophet (peace be upon him) lost both his wife Khadijah and his uncle Abu Talib. This time is referred to as
What is ‘Ām al-Ḥuzn (the Year of Sorrow)?
Name of the farewell sermon the Prophet (peace be upon him) delivered during his final pilgrimage.
What is the Khuṭbah al-Widāʿ (Farewell Sermon)?
This Muslim general famously conquered Sindh (in present-day Pakistan) in the early 8th century.
Who is Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim?
Popularly called “the Proof of Islam,” this scholar wrote Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn.
Who is Imām al-Ghazālī?