Cell Structure/Function
The membrane-bound compartment in eukaryotes that contains DNA and is absent in prokaryotes
What is a nucleus?
The enzyme that unwinds the double helix during DNA replication
The light reactions split this molecule to release oxygen
What is water?
The ultimate source of all new alleles in a population
What is mutation?
The monomer of proteins, joined by peptide bonds.
What is an amino acid?
Secretory proteins are assembled on this organelle before entering the endomembrane system?
What is rough ER?
The 3-base sequence on a tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon.
What is an anticodon?
The Calvin cycle enzyme that fixes CO2, the most abundant protein on Earth?
RuBisCo
Predator and prey evolving in response to each other in an endless "arms race".
What is coevolution
Pioneer organism that colonize bare rock and build soil, starting primary succession.
What are lichens?
Moving solutes gainst their concentration gradient always require this
What is ATP?
Deleting one nucleotide shifts every downstream codon, this is a type of mutation
What is a frameshift?
NADH and FADH2 feed electrons into this innter-mitochondrial-membrane complex to build a proton gradient
What is the ETC
This selection type favors both extremes over the intermediate, increasing population variation.
What is disruptive selection.
The region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs.
What is the active site?
The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in, making the cell interior this charge
What is negative?
In an operon, this protein binds the operator and blocks transcription
What is a repressor?
ATP synthase harnesses proton flow to make ATP, this one-word term names that mechanism
What is chemiosmosis?
In p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, the term 2pq represents individuals with this genotype.
What is heterozygous?
A species whose removal causes disproportionate ecosystem collapse relative to its abundance?
What is a keystone species?
Proteins float laterally within the phospholipid bilayer according to this model of membrane structure
What is fluid mosaic?
X-inactivation is an example of this, heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
What is epigenetics?
C4 plants pre-fix CO2 in mesophyll cells to concentrate it around RuBisCO, reducing this wasteful process.
What is photorespiration?
Bat wings and insect wings look similar but evolved independently, this is called what type of evolution.
What is convergent?
Phospholipids self-assemble into bilayers because they are this, having both hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions.
What is amphipathic?