Anthropogenic Change
How much has the Earth warmed already (since pre-industrial)
1 degree
an increase in free Hydrogen (H+) molecules result in
increasing pH
What is CCD
carbonate compensation depth
What is NGO
non-government organisation
long term average of weather events in one location is called
climate
What does RCP stand for
Representative Concentration Pathways
Gasses in the atmosphere act as a blanket trapping the suns heat is called
greenhouse effect
dead marine life particles falling to sea floor is called
what is the reaction speed of GO vs NGO
thinner bands on coral cores suggest
less growth suggesting negative environmental impact
What is the greatest global threat to marine environment?
overfishing
when CO2 is added to water (H2O), it reacts with the water molecultes to make what?
Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)
what determines depth of CCD
rate of dissolution vs rate of accumulation
name of management strategy that divides Marine Parks into areas with different rules for each area.
Zoning
name a physical parameter impacted by increasing CO2 in the ocean
sea surface temperature increases
name given to sedimentation reducing clarity and causes smothering
surface run-off
increasing pH in the ocean making it more acidic is called
ocean acidification
does calcareous ooze exist below CCD?
no because it would dissolve and not accumulate
List the 5 criteria for MPA design
Site selection
Networking/Connectivity
Replication
Spacing
Size/Coverage
what happens to CCD if there is an increase of CO2 in the ocean
shallowing, decrease in depth
What is a COTS outbreak
crown of thorns starfish increase population size and consume/breakdown hard corals
Carbonic acid releases a biocarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion. The hydrogen ion bonds with free carbonate ions forming another bicarbonate ion which would otherwise we available for making calcium carbonate. Why would increasing this process be an issue?
reduced marine shell formation.
name the process whereby (EXAMPLE) coccolithophore fixes CO2 during photosynthesis to make CaCO3 body parts. When it dies and sinks as marine snow down into the bathpelatic zone reducing carbon atoms in the atmosphere overall.
the biological pump
How often does the Reef 2020 plan get reviewed?
every 5 years starting 2020
If you are in a boat, far away from land and your barometer is reading 2008 hPa and falling fast, what sort of weather is heading your way?
bad weather